La vacuna Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 de dos dosis proporciona una respuesta inmunitaria eficaz y es segura en personas que se someten a tratamiento para ciertos tipos de cáncer, según un estudio publicado el jueves por JAMA Oncology .
Sin embargo, en comparación con quienes no padecen la enfermedad, las personas con cánceres causados por tumores sólidos, como los cánceres de mama, colon y pulmón, pueden tener una respuesta inmunitaria «retrasada» a la vacuna, dijeron los investigadores.
El estudio no evaluó los efectos del COVID-19 de dos dosis de Moderna, que tiene una composición similar, en pacientes que reciben tratamiento para el cáncer, por lo que no está claro si produciría la misma respuesta, aunque estudios anteriores sugieren que sí.
«Los pacientes de cáncer con tumores sólidos desarrollan anticuerpos contra la vacuna, pero este proceso está retrasado en comparación con la población general, y una dosis no es suficiente«, dijo a UPI la coautora del estudio, la Dra. Irit Ben-Aharon, en un correo electrónico.
«La vacuna parece segura y eficaz ya que durante el período de estudio no hubo casos significativos de infección por COVID-19 en la población del estudio«, dijo Ben-Aharon, profesor asociado de oncología en el Rambam Health Care Campus en Haifa, Israel.
Aún así, la vacuna Pfizer-BioNTech puede causar cambios potencialmente preocupantes en ciertas enzimas hepáticas en personas que se someten a quimioterapia y radiación, según Ben Aharon.
Como resultado, los pacientes vacunados deben ser monitoreados para detectar estos cambios como parte de su atención de rutina, dijeron él y sus colegas.
Las vacunas de dos dosis de Pfizer-BioNTech y Moderna utilizan material genético modificado del coronavirus para estimular el sistema inmunológico y crear anticuerpos contra él.
Estos anticuerpos, o células creadas por el sistema inmunológico para combatir los virus, están presentes en la sangre después de una dosis de vacunas, pero ofrecen una protección más completa después de la segunda, sugiere la investigación.
Ambas vacunas de dos dosis están aprobadas para su uso en los Estados Unidos y los resultados de los ensayos clínicos indican que ofrecen hasta un 95% de protección contra el COVID-19 grave en aquellos que están completamente vacunados.
Las loterías y los premios no aumentan las cifras de vacunación contra COVID-19, muestra un estudio
Sin embargo, los ensayos clínicos de las vacunas hasta la fecha no han incluido un número suficiente de participantes con cáncer o que se someten a tratamiento para la enfermedad para medir su eficacia en esta población, según Ben-Aharon y sus colegas.
Para este estudio, los investigadores israelíes compararon las respuestas de anticuerpos después de la vacunación en 232 adultos que recibieron quimioterapia o radioterapia para el cáncer con las de 220 adultos sanos.
Todos los participantes del estudio recibieron la vacuna Pfizer-BioNTech, dijeron los investigadores.
Después de su primera dosis, el 29% de los pacientes con cáncer tenían anticuerpos detectables en la sangre, en comparación con el 84% de los que no tenían la enfermedad, mostraron los datos.
La respuesta de anticuerpos entre los participantes con cáncer mejoró después de la segunda dosis, cuando el 86% tenía niveles detectables en la sangre, dijeron los investigadores, que están monitoreando a los pacientes con cáncer durante seis meses para determinar si su respuesta inmune disminuye y se necesita una dosis de refuerzo. .
Sin embargo, según sus hallazgos, las personas que se someten a un tratamiento contra el cáncer pueden, y deben, recibir ambas dosis de la vacuna, dijo Ben-Aharon. UPI
Por Agencia
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