Explotación laboral, discriminación, inseguridad, trata, falta de acceso a educación, salud, alimentos y agua, así como violencia de género, física y sexual acechan a diario a las mujeres que habitan o transitan el límite de Ecuador y Colombia.
Así lo recogen los hallazgos del Análisis Rápido de Género (ARG)-CARE 2021, un documento que llama la atención sobre los problemas que viven a diario las mujeres transfronterizas y sus familias a ambos lados de la divisoria colombo-ecuatoriana.
El estudio expone los impactos diferenciados por género frente a la crisis humanitaria y los cambios producidos por la pandemia en mujeres, hombres, niños, niñas, adolescentes y personas LGBTIQ+ en situación de movilidad humana, de origen venezolano, en las poblaciones colombianas de Ipiales y Pasto, y en las ecuatorianas de Ibarra y Tulcán, reseñó EFE.
Acción simbólica en frontera
El documento, que incluye directrices para la construcción de una agenda de trabajo para paliar esas circunstancias, fue presentada este jueves ante autoridades locales de ambos países en un acto simbólico de toma del puente internacional Rumichaca.
En ella, se identificaron alrededor de 80 mujeres, 40 por país, entre migrantes, refugiadas, indígenas y de la comunidad de acogida, que plantearon sus necesidades en seis ejes: Protección, salud, educación, medios de vida, situación migratoria, participación y liderazgo.
“Venimos cargadas de tanto dolor, ansiedad y necesidad, lo único que queremos es llegar a un lugar para sentirnos seguras, pero cuando llegamos enfrentamos otros problemas”, describió una de ellas en uno de los testimonios reportados en la investigación.
Entre otros retos que afrontan, figura el “miedo de ir a las instituciones públicas porque nos rechazan con facilidad por no tener documentos”, añadió la entrevistada.
Ante esta realidad y como parte del proyecto “Cruzando Fronteras”, que se ejecuta gracias a la financiación de la Agencia Francesa de Desarrollo, CARE construyó la Agenda Transfronteriza que busca darles voz y liderazgo a las mujeres en condición de vulnerabilidad.
Su objetivo es la promoción de políticas públicas que garanticen los derechos de las mujeres migrantes y refugiadas, así como de la comunidad de acogida de ambos países.
“Hemos querido darles una voz a las mujeres transfronterizas de Ecuador y Colombia, que sean ellas quienes expongan sus necesidades e impulsen la agenda transfronteriza que busca mejorar sus condiciones de vida”, expresó Alexandra Moncada, directora de CARE Ecuador.
Datos alarmantes
De acuerdo con el ARG, en el caso de Ipiales y Pasto, alrededor del 90 % de las personas venezolanas están en condiciones de irregularidad, lo que obstaculiza el acceso a condiciones laborales dignas, subsidios públicos, educación y salud.
En Ecuador, la situación se agrava ya que las personas venezolanas requieren de una visa y pasaporte en vigor, lo que restringe aún más la posibilidad de regular su situación migratoria, excepto en caso de refugio.
Según el estudio, los migrantes venezolanos reciben un 50 % menos de salario que los nacionales en Ecuador, mientras que en Colombia es un 55 % menos.
Otro dato alarmante es que el 100 % de las mujeres transfronterizas entrevistadas manifestaron que han sido víctimas de acoso en la calle y/o violencia sexual.
Entre las propuestas incluidas en la agenda figuran que se mejoren las condiciones básicas para hacer su ruta migratoria segura, la creación de más albergues y una moratoria migratoria o mecanismo que facilite la regularización de ellas y sus familias.
Asimismo, se propone una protección especial frente a la presencia de grupos armados y bandas de crimen transnacional que violenta sus vidas y refugio para personas cuya vida está en riesgo, entre otras acciones.
Por Agencia
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