Más de 60 países en desarrollo, liderados por India y Sudáfrica, enviaron a la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) una versión revisada de su propuesta de suspensión de patentes en las vacunas y otros productos contra la covid-19, en el que especificaron que tal suspensión debería durar al menos 3 años.
La propuesta de 62 países (entre ellos dos latinoamericanos, Venezuela y Bolivia) modifica ligeramente la presentada el 2 de octubre de 2020, a raíz de que no se haya conseguido un consenso en más de medio año de debates, y subraya que la suspensión «debería estar en vigor al menos tres años desde que se tome la decisión».
Pasado ese tiempo, el Consejo General de la OMC debería revisar si se mantienen las circunstancias excepcionales que justifican la suspensión de los derechos de propiedad intelectual, y en caso negativo se pondría fin a tal medida, señalaron los países defensores de la propuesta en una nota oficial al organismo.
Por otro lado, el nuevo texto especifica más los productos cuyas patentes deberían suspenderse, y que incluirían «diagnósticos, terapias, vacunas, aparatos médicos, equipamiento de protección personal, sus materiales y componentes, así como los métodos de fabricación» en la lucha contra la COVID-19.
Los países en desarrollo que presentan la revisada propuesta recuerdan que cada vez es más urgente esta medida para intentar aumentar la producción de herramientas contra la COVID-19, ante la emergencia de nuevas variantes del coronavirus que podrían potencialmente ser resistentes a terapias y vacunas.
Muchos países desarrollados y las empresas farmacéuticas se oponen aún a esta propuesta, argumentando que una suspensión de patentes no aumentará la manufactura de vacunas a corto plazo, dado que no existen aún las infraestructuras necesarias para producirlas en zonas en desarrollo.
También aseguran que los derechos de propiedad intelectual que se defienden con las patentes son esenciales para impulsar la investigación, y que sin ellos no se habría logrado desarrollar en un tiempo récord de apenas un año más de una decena de vacunas contra la COVID-19.
La nueva propuesta se presenta a pocos días de que comience la asamblea anual de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en el que el aumento de la producción de vacunas será un tema central.
Coincide también con una cumbre sanitaria del G20 en la que líderes de varios países insistieron en la necesidad de distribuir de forma más igualitaria las vacunas anticovid.
El hecho de que el Gobierno de Estados Unidos anunciara a principios de este mes su apertura a negociar la suspensión de patentes, en un momento en el que ese país avanza rápidamente en la vacunación de su población adulta, alimentó las esperanzas de que se puedan iniciar conversaciones al respecto en la OMC. EFE
Por Agencia
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