Es algo que los brasileños rara vez habían visto en un cuarto de siglo, y la última vez que ocurrió, en 2016, contribuyó a la caída de una presidenta: una inflación de dos dígitos.
El alza en el precio del gas, la carne, la electricidad y otros productos ha dejado a millones de brasileños pobres con problemas para llegar a final de mes. En el periodo de 12 meses hasta septiembre, la inflación alcanzó el 10,25%, según los datos publicado el viernes por la agencia nacional de estadística.
Francielle de Santana, de 31 años, vive en el vecindario de Jardim Gramacho, en Río de Janeiro, junto a un antiguo vertedero enorme. Sin agua corriente ni electricidad, recolecta chatarra para vivir y apenas puede permitirse comprar pollo.
“Con 10 reales (1,80 dólares), solíamos conseguir mucho, pero ahora son solo tres o cuatro piezas. Para tres o cuatro personas, eso es poco”, dijo Santana a The Associated Press afuera de su choza de madera. “El arroz solía costar tres reales, ahora es caro”.
Cerca de allí, Leide Laurentino, una jubilada de 73 años, cocinaba con troncos en una cocina de leña improvisada. El precio del gas para cocinar alcanzó su precio más alto en dos décadas en septiembre, según el Observatorio Social Petrobras Social, y Laurentino está racionando el suyo.
“Si solo cocino con gas, no tendré suficiente. Hasta para el café uso leña”, contó. “A veces por la noche puedo calentar la comida, pero si llueve, la como fría”.
El encarecimiento de los combustibles refleja la subida del precio del petróleo derivada de la vuelta a la vida con movilidad en los países con vacunas suficientes para controlar la pandemia del coronavirus. Los cuellos de botella en el suministro coincidiendo con la aceleración de la actividad mundial han elevado otros precios. Antes de desacelerarse ligeramente en agosto, la inflación en Estados Unidos era del 5,4% anual, la más alta desde 2008. El índice de precios de la Organización de Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura registró un máximo de 10 años en septiembre.
Pero también hay circunstancias locales que impulsan la inflación brasileña, apuntó Andre Perfeito, economista jefe de la correduría Necton.
La peor sequía en nueve décadas vacío los embalses hidroeléctricos, obligando a los operadores a activar las plantas termoeléctricas más costosas y al gobierno a implementar una tarifa energética de “escasez de agua”. Además, una de las depreciaciones monetarias más pronunciadas del mundo impulsó el costo de las importaciones. Y el alza de los precios fue más grave por la indexación, dijo Perfeito.
Aunque la inflación general acaba de entrar al territorio de los dobles dígitos, esa era ya la realidad para muchos productos. En los 12 meses hasta septiembre, el precio de la electricidad subió un 28,8% y el del gas para cocinar un 34,7%, según los datos publicados el viernes. El pollo se incrementó en un 28,8% y las carnes rojas en un 24,8%.
Brasil quedó consternado la semana pasada por la portada de un periódico de Río de Janeiro que mostraba a la gente hurgando entre la carga de un camión que transportaba huesos de animales. La imagen fue un golpe en el estómago para una nación que adora las barbacoas.
La inflación es uno de los factores que pesa en el índice de aprobación de Jair Bolsonaro, que está en su nivel más bajo desde que asumió la presidencia. En Brasil, persisten las cicatrices psíquicas de los días de la hiperinflación, que terminó a mediados de la década de 1190. La última presidenta electa antes de Bolsonaro, Dilma Rousseff, fue objeto de un juicio político en 2016 apenas unos meses después de que la inflación superara la barrera del 10% y comenzara a protagonizar protestas en la calle.
En marchas contra Bolsonaro el domingo, a un año de que busque la reelección, la inflación era un motivo de queja común.
Por Agencia
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