El economista experto en petróleo Rafael Quiroz calificó como un “ofrecimiento demagógico” y un “arranque emocional” lo exigido por Nicolás Maduro ayer, de restituir la distribución de diésel en 72 horas a los productores agrícolas, toda vez que la situación actual de Pdvsa no depende de la “animosidad o emoción” del gobernante.
“Eso es un ofrecimiento demagógico en lo que se estanca el presidente, que queda en decretos que no van a cumplirse lo que no se ha logrado anteriormente. La industria petrolera va despacio, en términos de producción y refinación. Eso no está expensas de la animosidad o emoción del presidente, porque se levante optimista o venezolano«, afirmó, en contacto telefónico con ND.
Ayer, en cadena, Maduro, ordenó a Tareck El Aissami y a Wilmar Castro Soteldo regularizar la distribución de diésel para los productores agropecuarios, pero no mencionó a los demás sectores ni a los conductores del transporte público.
“En 72 horas quiero ver el mapa de abastecimiento para los productores y regularizar. No hay excusa”, reclamó. “Debe resolverse el problema del diésel. Encargo a Tareck (El Aissami) y a (Wilmar) Castro Soteldo para que se encarguen y regularicen. Saben bien que a Venezuela se le persigue. Nos han robado barcos de diésel que compramos para complementar la producción”, expresó.
Pero a juicio de Quiroz, la orden del socialista no son más que “buenas intenciones”.
“Pero con eso no arreglas el problema del petróleo, del combustible, de la hiperinflación, eso tiene que ir acompañado por toda una política y una gerencia efectiva y eficiente que responda a las necesidades del mercado interno. Lo del presidente no pasa de eso, que sepa el presidente que la estructura operativa de Pdvsa no está para arranques emocionales de dar órdenes. Pdvsa es una empresa que trabaja y opera a mediano plazo”.
Dos productos distintos
Aprovechamos para consultarle a Quiroz la diferencia entre diésel y gasoil. Contrario al imaginario popular, aclara que el primero es un combustible destilado, usado por motores diésel; mientras que el segundo es un subproducto de la refinación, que igualmente se consume como combustible.
“Se usa para camiones, autobuses, maquinaria agrícola pesada; de manera que son determinantes a los efectos del desenvolvimiento y desempeño de la economía nacional”.
El hecho es que la escasez de ambos, sostiene, “paraliza la producción agrícola” y el problema de eso yace en el parque refinador del país, cuyas refinerías “no están funcionando o están paralizadas, semiparalizadas, no hay una refinación de crudo suficiente para abastecer el mercado interno, y por eso no va a haber abastecimiento de diésel, gasoil, gasolina. También está el problema de algunos componentes que llegan hechos combustibles, que tenemos que importarlos, porque ya no los producimos o los producimos muy poco”.
– ¿Cuál es la demanda?
“En forma real”, dice Quiroz, y en cuanto a combustible, “para el parque automotor de 3,5 millones de vehículos que consumen los cuatro componentes, es de 193 mil barriles diarios de esos combustibles”, que son «una especie de cuarteto que garantiza la movilización de todo lo que es el parque automotor del país», en referencia al diésel, el gasoil, la gasolina y el fuel-oil.
“El parque, de 5,1 millones de vehículos que lo constituían, se ha reducido a 3,5 millones. Es significativo”, remarcó.
-¿Cuánto combustible se produce?
“Por favor, actualmente, y eso que se ha levantado un poco la refinación, oscila los 83-85 mil barriles diarios de esos combustibles, no llegamos ni siquiera a la mitad de lo que se necesita”, fustigó. Aunque advierte que no hay manera exacta de determinar cuánto se está produciendo.
-¿Cuánto llega por importaciones?
Quiroz comentó que se sabe cuánto combustible ya refinado y listo para consumir llega por concepto de importaciones, sobre todo desde que se suspendió el intercambio de crudo por diésel que tenía Pdvsa con la refinería italiana Eni, la india Reliance y la española Repsol.
Aun así, adelantó, de acuerdo con información en sus manos, que había una especie de comisión del gobierno de Nicolás Maduro en Medio Oriente para negociar dos entregas de los cuatro componentes (diésel, gasoil, gasolina y fuel-oil).
«No sabría decir la cantidad, pero es la entrega de dos tanqueros con capacidad de carga para 2 millones de barriles», dijo a ND.
«Creo que son dos funcionarios de comercialización, entiendo que son de asuntos internacionales, que salieron la semana pasada, pero de ahí a los resultados, no se sabe más nada», señaló.
Seguiremos igual
Lamentablemente, ante la imposibilidad de producir a la escala necesaria, sumado a la incapacidad para importar y la falta de resultados del encuentro revelado por Quiroz, “creo que vamos a seguir como estamos actualmente, esperanzados porque las importaciones lleguen a tiempo, pero seguimos esperando”.
Y advierte: “No hay manera de que Venezuela restituya su producción petrolera, mucho menos su nivel de refinación que tuvo en tiempos pasados, en el caso de refinación de 1,3 millones de barriles, y en la producción, en los mejores tiempos, de casi 3,7 millones de barriles, periodo Chávez 3,4 millones y ya en los momentos decadentes, cuando ya este desastre asomaba sus narices, de 2,9 millones”.
“Eso no volverá a suceder por años, décadas, pero lo importante es que se está restableciendo un poco la producción petrolera, y eso es bueno destacarlo, ya está sobre los 500 mil barriles, cifra OPEP”, remató, y finalizó: “Eso nos anima y nos llena un poco de esperanza; pero no da para hacer fiesta tampoco”.
Por: Agencia
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