Las debilidades de los sistemas de salud y las desigualdades que existen en América Latina y el Caribe han dificultado el control de la pandemia y por eso los gobiernos deben asumir un papel clave, fortalecer la inversión pública e implementar transformaciones que ayuden a avanzar hacia una recuperación, dijeron el jueves dos organizaciones de las Naciones Unidas.
“Sin salud no habrá recuperación económica sostenible”, expresó Alicia Bárcena, secretaria ejecutiva de la Comisión Económica Para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). “La prioridad sigue siendo la necesidad de controlar la crisis sanitaria desde un enfoque integral y mediante la aceleración de los procesos de vacunación”.
Bárcena efectuó sus declaraciones al presentar junto a Carissa Etienne, la directora de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), el informe “La prolongación de la crisis sanitaria y su impacto en la salud, la economía y el desarrollo social”.
En el reporte, la CEPAL y la OPS instan a los gobiernos a transformar los sistemas sanitarios, acelerar la vacunación contra el COVID-19 y fortalecer la inversión pública.
“La pandemia ha dejado en evidencia la necesidad de construir una agenda de salud pública con una perspectiva integral e integrada”, indica el informe de 39 páginas presentado en una conferencia de prensa virtual.
Destaca asimismo que debe reconocerse la interdependencia entre los aspectos sanitarios, sociales, económicos y ambientales y que el Estado debe seguir cumpliendo un “papel clave e indispensable” en la respuesta a la pandemia “para tomar un nuevo rumbo de política pública, a fin de construir sociedades más igualitarias, inclusivas y resilientes”.
Desde la aparición de la pandemia en febrero de 2020, la región ha sido impactada con más de 1,5 millón de muertos y más de 45,7 millones de casos. Latinoamérica y el Caribe acumulan casi un quinto de los casos confirmados en todo el mundo y cerca del 30% de las muertes, a pesar de que tiene sólo el 8,4% de la población mundial.
El efecto en la economía ha sido devastador. En 2020 la región tuvo la mayor contracción económica de los últimos 120 años, el peor desempeño en todo el mundo. El crecimiento casi nulo durante los cinco años previos a la pandemia, sumado al retroceso de 6,8% en la actividad económica en 2020, tuvo como consecuencia una caída histórica en la ocupación y un aumento sin precedentes en el desempleo, incrementos en la pobreza, la pobreza extrema y la desigualdad, que han profundizado aún más los problemas estructurales, de acuerdo con la CEPAL.
Gran parte de los países han tenido dificultades para vacunar a su población debido a la falta de dosis disponibles, que han sido acaparadas por las naciones más desarrolladas del mundo. En promedio, sólo el 39% de la población de la región está completamente vacunada.
El informe destaca que la persistencia de la crisis ha dejado al descubierto la necesidad de transformar los sistemas de salud en la región, que antes de la pandemia ya eran débiles, para responder debido a la falta de recursos.
“Es hora de transformar los sistemas de salud de América Latina y el Caribe con base a un enfoque de atención primaria de salud para acelerar la recuperación”, dijo Etienne.
Entre las recomendaciones de los organismos aparecen un enfoque intersectorial en las políticas de salud, fortalecer la equidad en la salud, la sostenibilidad financiera y el papel del Estado, acelerar la vacunación, mantener políticas fiscales expansivas y fortalecer la inversión pública.
Por Agencia
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