miércoles, mayo 15

ONU Mujeres: «Tenemos que seguir levantando la bandera de la paridad”

Aunque cada vez hay más mujeres que ocupan altos cargos en los Gobiernos latinoamericanos y otros ámbitos de poder, la paridad de género aún está lejos de alcanzarse, y por eso hay que “seguir levantando la bandera” de la participación femenina y erradicar definitivamente el lenguaje violento al que muchas se exponen en las redes sociales.

La directora regional para América Latina y el Caribe, María Noel Vaeza, quien destacó que ese avance en la inclusión política de las mujeres -pese al retroceso en algunos países- ha generado una gran visibilidad de ministras, vicepresidentas y mandatarias en países como Colombia, Costa Rica, México, Uruguay y Honduras.

A medida que los Gobiernos se han comprometido con la inclusión femenina en cargos importantes y la firma de leyes en torno a la paridad, las agendas y los proyectos se vuelven más relevantes y cambiantes, subrayó Vaeza.

Una agenda que cambia con las mujeres

Cuando llegan mujeres a esos niveles, la agenda (de los Gobiernos) cambia porque la que tiene que ver con los temas fundamentales de la mujer se vuelven prioritarios y vemos cómo evolucionan los conceptos, por ejemplo, en México se habla de paridad en todo y eso ha sido histórico y revolucionario, señaló.

Y producto de eso, el anuncio el pasado viernes del presidente electo de Chile, Gabriel Boric, de su nuevo gabinete ministerial de mayoría femenina, en donde de las 24 carteras 14 les corresponden a mujeres, entre ellas la médico independiente Izkia Siches (Interior y Seguridad Pública) y la diputada Camila Vallejo (vocería).

Para Vaeza, lo anunciado por Boric es una muestra de cómo los presidentes “se sienten mucho mejor y más cómodos con mujeres políticas para tomar decisiones, no las están viendo con una mirada de ahora que traigo una mujer la pongo en un cargo de asuntos sociales o de género, no, están midiendo su eficacia, eficiencia, experiencia y dando el espacio que están ganando”.

A esto se suma la elección de Xiomara Castro en Honduras, que el próximo jueves se convertirá en la primera mujer en asumir la presidencia en la historia de su país.

La movilidad política

Vaeza, sin embargo, reconoce que todavía falta mucho debido a la “movilidad política, pues se llega a la paridad en un momento, se saca la foto y después esto cambia”, con casos en donde se comienza con un alto número de mujeres en cargos públicos y luego estos se reducen por decisiones políticas.

Es el caso de El Salvador con el Gobierno de Nayib Bukele, que en los inicios de su mandato contó con 8 ministras, en un balance paritario al 50 % del gabinete, y ahora bajó a 7 o en Perú con el izquierdista Pedro Castillo, donde no existe presencia de mujeres en el Gobierno.

Por eso “tenemos que seguir levantando la bandera de la paridad porque traemos una visión distinta al gabinete (ministerial)”, pues aquellos con solo hombres “no van a estar focalizando sus actividades en temas que le importan a las mujeres, no van a estar integrando a la mujer en la recuperación y de una manera más eficaz y eficiente”.

Además cree que es necesario cambiar la mirada sobre la perspectiva de género de transverzalización, pues esa etapa ya pasó para ahora hablar de “transformación de género no solo en la política, sino en la economía y en todos los sectores de la vida de un país”.

Y por eso “es importante que la mujer ocupe cargos decisorios y no estamos ahí todavía, al vaso le falta llenarse”.

La pandemia hace que la mujer retroceda

La pandemia ha afectado el rol de la mujer en todos los ámbitos y ONU Mujeres ha puesto la mirada en esta situación. Vaeza indicó que el “75 % de las que han estado al frente han sido mujeres, desde las enfermeras, médicas, aseadoras, y solo el 21 % de ellas ha estado en los procesos decisorios”.

Esto sumado a “la violencia contra las mujeres en sus hogares, aumentando las denuncias que depararon en 4.098 feminicidios en la región”.

Además, la falta de paridad de empleo en donde “118 millones de mujeres trabajan en la informalidad en los sectores más afectados por la pandemia: el turismo, la hotelería, la restauración, tenemos un grupo de mujeres que se ha quedado sin ingresos con un 30 % de hogares en donde la mujer es cabeza de hogar”.

Por eso, insiste en la necesidad de que esas mujeres puedan tener un empleo formal y en el ámbito tecnológico sean incluidas, un sector ocupado por el 95 % de los hombres.

En cuanto al atraso político, afirmó que la mujer al no tener tiempo “tampoco se involucra en la política” y casos como el de México, que ha avanzado en la paridad, muestra su compromiso: “Necesitamos parar este retroceso y que estos derechos conquistados no se pierdan”.

Elecciones y lenguaje violento

Costa Rica, Colombia y Brasil celebran este año elecciones presidenciales y en el caso del mandatario colombiano, Iván Duque, que dio muestras de paridad en su gabinete, ahora dentro de los precandidatos solo hay una mujer aspirante, la excongresista Ingrid Betancourt.

A Vaeza le preocupa el atraso mental de los partidos políticos que están gobernados por los hombres y continúan haciendo la repartija de poder en función de cómo ellos creen que debe repartirse sin tener en cuenta las necesidades de la población.

Es importante movilizar las leyes de paridad, movilizar los Parlamentos y los tribunales electorales para exigirle a los partidos políticos paridad y alternancia. «Este año que tenemos elecciones tan importantes tenemos que vigilar eso”, señaló.

Esto se suma al alto nivel de lenguaje violento en las redes sociales hacia las políticas.

Se han agarrado contra las mujeres con su cuerpo, con su reputación, diciéndoles de todo y eso es cobarde, el criticar a una mujer en una red social sin derecho a replica, y por esto muchas mujeres dicen: no, yo no me meto a esto, mejor me quedo en casa’, afirmó, por lo que el organismo internacional busca con campañas evitar estos maltratos.

Finalmente, hizo énfasis en que la meta de tener para 2077 el 50 % de paridad aún se ve lejos y es necesario el compromiso de los países, pues la cuota para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de cara a 2030 sigue en números pendientes.

Por Agencia

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