Por primera vez en más de una década las muertes por tuberculosis aumentaron en el mundo en 2020, un retroceso que los expertos no han dudado en atribuir a la pandemia de COVID-19 por la perturbación de los servicios médicos esenciales y la desviación de recursos para atender la crisis, en particular en países pobres donde la primera enfermedad está más extendida.
Así lo confirma el informe anual sobre tuberculosis publicado el jueves por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), según el cual en 2020 1,5 millones de personas murieron por tuberculosis, unos 100.000 más que el año anterior, y hay proyecciones de que las muertes seguirán aumentando en 2021 y 2022,reseñó EFE.
De los fallecidos por tuberculosis, 214.000 eran personas con VIH.
«Este informe confirma nuestros temores de que la interrupción de los servicios sanitarios básicos debido a la pandemia podía causar que se desande un camino de años de progresos contra la tuberculosis», dijo el director general de la OMS, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
Sostuvo que esta constatación debe servir de alerta sobre la necesidad de volver a invertir y seguir innovando para cerrar las brechas que persisten en cuanto a diagnósticos, tratamientos y cuidados para millones de enfermos.
Se estima que muchas personas con tuberculosis no fueron diagnosticadas en 2020, lo que explicaría que el número oficial de enfermos cayese de 7,1 millones en 2019 a 5,8 millones el año pasado.
En relación con eso, la OMS calcula que en 2020 hubo 4,1 millones de personas con tuberculosis que no fueron diagnosticadas o sus casos no fueron reportados a las autoridades nacionales.
Los países donde más cayó el reporte de nuevos casos fueron India, Indonesia, Filipinas y China.
También disminuyó la administración de tratamientos preventivos, con 2,8 millones de beneficiados en 2020 en todo el mundo, 21 % menos que en 2019.
Además, los enfermos tratados por tuberculosis resistente fueron 15 % menos el año pasado y la OMS considera que en esta categoría solo 1 de cada 3 personas recibe el tratamiento que necesitan.
Todo ello coincide con una reducción de la financiación para la lucha contra la malaria, que pasó a 5.300 millones de dólares a nivel global (400 millones de dólares menos) en 2020 y fue menos de la mitad con respecto a los 13.000 millones anuales que se requieren para financiar plenamente la respuesta a la malaria.
La ONG Médicos Sin Fronteras (MSF), muy activa en el área de la tuberculosis, sostuvo que la reducción en la detección de nuevos casos se debe a problemas del lado de los servicios de diagnóstico.
Denunció que en muchos países los diagnósticos de tuberculosis dependen del test GeneXpert, fabricado por la compañía estadounidense Cepheid, que recibió inversiones públicas por 250 millones de dólares para desarrollar y suministrar esta tecnología.
MSF indicó que la compañía está cobrando demasiado a los países de ingresos bajos y medios por el test y se niega a informar de forma transparente sobre sus costes de producción.
«Pedimos a Cepheid y a otros fabricantes de test de tuberculosis que ayuden a cubrir los requerimientos de test haciéndolos más baratos y adaptados a las necesidades en los países», recalcó la organización humanitaria.
Por Agencia
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