La pobreza extrema en Latinoamérica volvió a crecer el año pasado hasta alcanzar a 86 millones de personas, lo que implica un retroceso de 27 años, pese a las ayudas sociales para afrontar la pandemia, reveló este jueves la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Cepal).
El organismo dependiente de la ONU estimó que la tasa de pobreza extrema aumentó del 13,1 % en 2020 al 13,8 % -cinco millones de personas más-, mientras que el índice de pobreza disminuyó del 33 % al 32,1 %, afectando a 201 millones de latinoamericanos.
«Pese a la recuperación económica experimentada en 2021, los niveles de pobreza y pobreza extrema se han mantenido por encima de los registrados en 2019, lo que refleja la continuación de la crisis social», apuntó el informe «Panorama Social de América Latina», presentado por Cepal, con sede en Santiago de Chile.
Latinoamérica fue una de las regiones más afectadas en términos sanitarios y económicos por la COVID-19, que provocó en 2020 una contracción del producto interior bruto (PIB) del 6,8 %, la mayor recesión en 120 años.
Las ayudas sociales para los sectores vulnerables -que superaron los 45 mil 200 millones de dólares el año pasado-, sumadas al avance de los procesos de vacunación permitieron una «lenta recuperación de los principales indicadores de empleo» y un alza del PIB del 6,2 % en 2021, según la institución.
Sin embargo, la tasa de desocupación el año pasado se mantuvo en un 11,8 % para las mujeres y un 8,1 % para los hombres, lo que implica que «todavía no se alcanzan los niveles previos a la crisis».
El incremento de la pobreza extrema fue «consecuencia de una reducción de las transferencias de ingresos de emergencia que no se compensan con el incremento de ingresos de empleo», explicó Cepal.
Las mayores alzas en ambos índices tuvieron lugar en Argentina, Colombia y Perú, donde alcanzaron o excedieron los 7 puntos porcentuales.
En Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador y Paraguay aumentó entre 3 y 5 puntos y en Bolivia, México y República Dominicana, creció menos de 2 puntos porcentuales.
En El Salvador, la tasa de pobreza prácticamente no varió -aunque sí lo hizo la pobreza extrema en dos puntos porcentuales- y el único país que experimentó una disminución en ambos índices fue Brasil, con una caída de del 1,8 % y 0,7 %, respectivamente.
Un factor crucial para la recuperación será el avance de la vacunación, que en 2021 alcanzó al 59,4 % de la población de América Latina (389,4 millones de personas) con dos dosis.
«Si bien destacan los casos de Chile, Cuba, Uruguay, Argentina y el Ecuador, donde ya se vacunó el 70 % de la población con el esquema completo, más de la mitad de los países no alcanza el 50 %», lamentó la institución.
La pandemia, que ha dejado 55,7 millones de casos y cerca de 1,5 millones de muertes en dos años en la región, está viviendo una escalada por la variante ómicron en varios países como México, Argentina, Perú y Chile.
Por: Agencia
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