La leche materna de mujeres infectadas con el coronavirus o que fueron vacunadas es un vehículo transmisor de anticuerpos para el bebé, según dos estudios científicos realizados en España y divulgados este lunes.
Los estudios se enmarcan en la iniciativa ‘MilkCorona’, desarrollada por el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y el Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, ambos públicos.
En el primero de ellos, sobre lactantes infectadas con el Covid-19, se encontró que “la mayoría de las muestras presentó anticuerpos específicos frente al virus, con una gran variabilidad entre mujeres”.
“En ninguna leche materna fuimos capaces de detectar el ARN del virus, y encontramos que en la mayoría de las mujeres infectadas había presencia de anticuerpos, sugiriendo que la leche materna es un vehículo de transmisión de anticuerpos”, indicó María Carmen Collado, investigadora del CSIC.
Por ello, los resultados sustentan “la importancia de recomendar la lactancia materna de forma sistemática en todos los casos en los que la madre tenga poca o nula sintomatología”, añadió la doctora Cecilia Martínez Costa, del servicio de pediatría del Hospital Clínico de Valencia.
En el segundo estudio se analizó la presencia de anticuerpos en 75 mujeres lactantes, inmunizadas con tres tipos de vacunas: Pfizer (pauta completa), Moderna (pauta completa) y AstraZeneca (una dosis). El trabajo, según el comunicado del CSIC, “mostró la presencia de anticuerpos específicos en las muestras”.
Curiosamente, los niveles de anticuerpos “variaron según la vacuna recibida”, añadió el comunicado, aunque sin precisar qué versión produjo mayor nivel de inmunidad.
El estudio estableció también que la leche de mujeres vacunadas con una dosis y que habían pasado previamente la enfermedad presentaban niveles de anticuerpos equivalentes a mujeres sanas con las dos dosis.
La investigación continúa para estudiar el impacto de las nuevas variantes del coronavirus en los anticuerpos presentes en la leche materna, y analizar los efectos de la infección por COVID-19 en el sistema inmune y el desarrollo del lactante, apuntó el CSIC./AFP.
Por Agencia
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