Unos obreros realizaban remodelaciones en un galpón en el estado Lara, en el occidente de Venezuela, cuando hicieron un hallazgo sorprendente: un par de osamentas que podrían tener entre 1.000 y 1.500 años de antigüedad.
A pesar de que estos restos fueron encontrados hace casi un mes, los tiempos en la arqueología son distintos y dependen de las condiciones tanto de la zona como climáticas para garantizar que las piezas encontradas y las características del lugar se conserven de la mejor manera posible, informa la agencia RT.
La temporada lluviosa en algunos estados venezolanos ha hecho que se retrasen las excavaciones del equipo del Museo Antropológico Francisco Tamayo Yépez, ubicado en Quíbor, capital del municipio Florencio Jiménez, y centro arqueológico más relevante del país suramericano. Sin embargo, ya sus especialistas han adelantado parte de las investigaciones para tener datos más precisos sobre la procedencia de este posible patrimonio histórico.
El sitio del hallazgo
Cuando los trabajadores de la construcción alertaron a los dueños de un negocio de venta de alimentos para animales sobre el hallazgo, estos llamaron al Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas y (CICPC), que realiza la investigación forense para la identificación de restos humanos. Hasta ese momento suponían que eran de data actual.
Al realizar el levantamiento, los funcionarios de la Policía Científica hallaron una vasija indígena, por lo que presumieron que estos cuerpos no eran recientes. Por ello, notificaron a las autoridades del Museo de Quíbor y allí comenzó la otra parte de la exploración.
La directora del Museo, Rubia Vásquez, en entrevista con RT, explicó que la antropóloga Ivel Urbina, investigadora titular de ese centro, realizó una visualización e inspección del espacio. Tomó en cuenta lo que habían hecho los funcionarios del CICPC y los obreros en el lugar y se llevó algunos fragmentos de unos restos óseos que ya habían sido levantados.
El hallazgo se hizo en el sector Playa Bonita, ubicado en el mismo municipio. Este es un sitio arqueológico detectado en los años 60 del siglo pasado por José María Cruxent, uno de los principales fundadores de la arqueología venezolana.
Según los estudios de Cruxent, la zona pertenece a la tradición tocuyana y existe material con unos 2.200 años de antigüedad, aproximadamente. Allí se ha encontrado cerámica con decoración policroma, herramientas para moler y morteros, lo que hace suponer que haya habido cultivo de granos.
Posteriormente, en el 2000, el Museo realizó excavaciones en esa zona y en las cercanías tras unas remodelaciones de obras de construcción. El material levantado permanece en el centro cultural.
Vásquez afirma que aunque Playa Bonita ya es un lugar conocido «siempre quedan restos» y «hay varias ocupaciones en el sitio, que se refieren a varios momentos históricos» en los que las poblaciones vivieron en ese territorio.
¿Qué datos se manejan hasta ahora?
La directora del Museo dice que lo encontrado pareciera estar asociado al enterramiento de osamentas de la llamada ‘Fase Bulevar’, que es un momento de la ocupación larense «caracterizado por una gran parafernalia fúnebre, con una gran elaboración de vasijas funerarias«, de entre 1.000 y 1.500 años de antigüedad.
«Pareciera ser que son dos osamentas, dos sujetos, sin embargo, todo puede cambiar a medida que se vaya excavando», agrega Vásquez.
Para poder recolectar las evidencias y saber si los cuerpos fueron enterrados con otros objetos como esteras, cestas o tejidos se necesita hacer una excavación minuciosa. Actualmente, la lluvia ha retrasado ese tipo de trabajo.
¿Qué ocurre en una excavación?
El trabajo de los excavadores es principalmente recolectar toda evidencia posible, «tanto lo que hay como lo que no», dice Vásquez. En el terreno puede haber objetos asociados a las osamentas y se considera también la posición en que están ubicadas, la profundidad con que fueron enterradas y las características del suelo donde están.
Un excavador o un arqueólogo trata de recolectar la mayor cantidad de evidencias posibles, de la mejor manera. «Por eso parece que lo hacemos lento», explica la entrevistada. Al referirse a la organización necesaria en una excavación, la antropóloga explica que el espacio se divide en cuadrículas, que varían de tamaño según el lugar, «para posicionar la ubicación de los restos y de los objetos. La posición en las que están puede indicar asociaciones, jerarquización social de los sujetos y algunas otras cosas».
¿Cuáles son las investigaciones que se realizarán en el museo?
En el laboratorio del museo se realizan investigaciones para identificar el género, la edad, la ascendencia, basándose en los rasgos morfológicos que se notan en los huesos que conduce a determinar si los individuos pertenecen a poblaciones amerindias o no.
Del mismo modo, se hace un trabajo para tratar de conservar los restos porque al sacarlos de su espacio son susceptibles a la acción de bacterias, hongos y al deterioro constante por los cambios de temperatura.
Por Agencia
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