La hija del presidente hablaba por teléfono cuando escuchó las primeras ráfagas sobre la residencia oficial. El 3 de febrero de 1992, entrada la noche, estallaba un golpe de Estado en Venezuela encabezado por Hugo Chávez, un militar desconocido hace 30 años.
“Nos atacaron de una forma cruel y terrible por más de cuatro horas”, recuerda Carolina Pérez, hija menor del exmandatario Carlos Andrés Pérez (1989-1993), que había salido minutos antes al palacio de gobierno, tras los primeros reportes de alzamiento.
Hacia la madrugada del 4 de febrero el palacio presidencial de Miraflores en Caracas era atacado con vehículos blindados y armas largas. Unos 10 batallones del Ejército en cinco ciudades se habían alzado, pero el golpe fracasó al no controlar la sede del gobierno, cuyo ataque tenía que ser reforzado por la tropa al mando de Chávez, que nunca llegó, reseñó AFP.
Pero fue a este teniente coronel de 37 años y atrincherado en un museo militar convertido hoy en lugar de culto chavista, a quien se le permitió rendirse en televisión.
“Lamentablemente, por ahora, los objetivos que nos planteamos no fueron logrados”, dijo, uniformado con traje de camuflaje y boina roja. “En Caracas no logramos controlar el poder”.
“Para siempre”
Chávez estuvo preso hasta 1994, cuando recibió un indulto que lo lanzó a la política, catapultado por ese “por ahora”. Cuatro años después ganó la presidencia y gobernó hasta su muerte en 2013.
“El ‘por ahora’ se convirtió en la esperanza, en el para siempre”, dijo esta semana su sucesor, Nicolás Maduro.
“Chávez se rebeló contra el sistema dominante, la oligarquía y el imperialismo”, añadió Maduro, reafirmando el discurso oficial de la llamada Revolución Bolivariana, que celebra el 4 de febrero como el “día de la dignidad” con homenajes a los golpistas, muchos en el gobierno.
El golpe contra Pérez se produjo en medio de una crisis social enmarcada en el giro neoliberal que le dio a su segundo gobierno (ya había sido presidente entre 1974 y 1979 en los años de la Venezuela “saudita”) que provocó “El Caracazo”, una protesta generada por un aumento de los precios del combustible que fue brutalmente reprimida por los militares.
“Cada caudillaje dice ser portador de la auténtica y verdadera liberación”, señaló el historiador Agustín Blanco Muñoz. “En el caso del 4F se pretende que su acción corresponde a una supuesta ‘transición hacia el socialismo’, pero ¿de cuál socialismo, cuál comunismo? ¿Dónde existe o existió eso?”.
Brandy para los heridos
Durante la arremetida contra La Casona, antigua residencia oficial del presidente de Venezuela, Carolina Pérez estuvo junto a su madre Blanca en la habitación principal. Le acompañaban dos sobrinos de cuatro y cinco años y una tía de 83, más nadie.
Fueron más de 200 militares disparando. Recuerda las paredes agujeradas por la metralla, su vehículo con más de 500 impactos, además de los dos morteros que cayeron en la capilla y una habitación de la mansión estilo colonial, que afortunadamente no estallaron.
“Han pasado 30 años y aún no entiendo el salvajismo”, dijo a la AFP.
Blanca de Pérez, fallecida en 2020, ordenó que solo la escolta civil custodiara a la familia, mientras improvisaba gasas con sábanas para tratar a los heridos de ambos bandos. “Mi mamá les daba una especie de acetaminofén y brandy para calmar el dolor”, relató Carolina, entonces con 28 años.
Pérez se dirigió al país por televisión en la madrugada y volvió a la residencia entrado el amanecer, con el golpe ya neutralizado. Las paredes de su habitación estaban manchadas de sangre, al igual que el pasillo principal.
Acusado de corrupción, fue forzado a abandonar el poder por malversación de fondos y pasó años preso en La Ahumada, la casa donde aún vive Carolina. En 2001 se exilió en Estados Unidos, hasta su muerte en 2010, para evitar un nuevo proceso en su contra.
Nunca llegaron las armas
Carlos Hermoso, 69, formó parte del ala civil que se sumó al alzamiento. Desde los 70 su partido Bandera Roja infiltró la Fuerza Armada para promover una insurgencia que terminara en un gobierno de línea comunista: “era un movimiento que tenía mucho calor de pueblo”.
Con 550 hombres estaba listo para sumarse a la ofensiva, pero las armas que le prometieron los militares no llegaron. “Hugo Chávez nunca confió en los civiles”, señaló el hoy subsecretario del partido.
“Y al final un tonto terminó jugando el papel de héroe” sin disparar un tiro, fustigó.
Carolina Pérez, que por mucho tiempo durmió con un arma aún sin saber usarla, recordó cuando el militar encargado del golpe a La Casona se rindió: “‘ustedes ganaron… por ahora’, me dijo”… pero fue a Chávez a quien le tocó decirlo en televisión.
Por Agencia
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