«Francia va a relanzar el combate para la abolición universal«, dijo el presidente francés, Emmanuel Macron, el sábado (09.10.2021) en un acto celebrado en el Panteón de los Hombres Ilustres de París, cuando se cumplen 40 años de la abolición de la pena capital en Francia.
Macron indicó que cuando Francia presida la Unión Europea, en el primer trimestre de 2022, se organizará «en París junto a la ONG Juntos contra la pena de muerte, un encuentro de alto nivel que una a las sociedades civiles de los Estados que aún aplican la pena de muerte para convencer a sus dirigentes de la urgencia e importancia de abolirla«.
Junto a él, Robert Badinter, exministro de Justicia que sometió a voto su abolición en 1981, afirmó que «la pena de muerte está destinada a desaparecer en el mundo porque es una vergüenza para la humanidad«. Emmanuel Macron recordó que «106 Estados» han abolido la pena de muerte y «otros 50 observan una moratoria o llevan a cabo ejecuciones«. Aunque se cuidó en no mencionar a ningún país que la administra, naciones del África oriental y del Golfo Pérsico, India, China o Estados Unidos todavía la aplican. En Europa, Bielorrusia es el único Estado que todavía la tiene en vigor.
«Son 483 el número de ejecuciones consumadas en el mundo en 2020, ciertamente un número tirando por lo bajo. Son 483 muertes de Estado administradas por 33 regímenes políticos que, en su mayor parte, comparten el despotismo y el rechazo de la universalidad de los derechos humanos«, dijo el jefe de Estado francés.
«La pena de muerte nunca ha contribuido a disminuir los delitos. Peor aun, en el caso del terrorismo, ese azote de nuestra sociedad, la pena de muerte convierte al terrorista en mártir, en héroe, a los ojos de sus seguidores«, estimó Badinter, de 93 años y ministro de justicia con el socialista François Mitterrand entre 1981 y 1986. En Francia, la pena de muerte fue abolida por Mitterrand el 9 de octubre de 1981 y la última ejecución fue la del inmigrante tunecino Hamida Djandoubi en Marsella en septiembre de 1977 por el tradicional método de la guillotina. «En 1981, fuimos el 36º Estado en abolirla, hoy 109 países de 189 la han suprimido«, recordó Badinter en un discurso muy aplaudido.
El último país en abolirla fue Sierra Leona, cuyo presidente, Julius Maada Bio, firmó ayer mismo la ley correspondiente, aprobada por unanimidad el pasado julio. «Hoy hemos vuelto a hacer historia. Como nación, hoy hemos exorcizado horrores de un pasado cruel«, dijo Bio ayer en una declaración con motivo de la promulgación de la ley. «No ejecutaremos más a nuestros conciudadanos por motivos políticos, por disuasión de delitos o por crímenes. Creemos que este acto es injusto, desproporcionado e inmoral. Embrutece nuestros valores, nuestras leyes y nuestra conciencia como nación«, agregó el presidente, al señalar que «toda persona tiene derecho a la vida«.DW
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