La Piedad de Miguel Ángel, la hermosa escultura en mármol que simboliza el amor maternal, admirada por todo el mundo en la basílica de San Pedro en el Vaticano, ha eclipsado erróneamente otras dos conmovedoras versiones sobre mismo tema esculpidas por el genio del Renacimiento.
Por ello, el museo del Duomo de Florencia, la catedral, propietario de la llamada «Piedad florentina o Bandini«, que acaba de ser restaurada, ha decidido exhibir por primera vez las tres obras juntas, gracias a los préstamos hechos por los Museos Vaticanos y el museo del Castillo Sforzesco de Milán, donde se encuentra la llamada «Piedad Rondanini«.
Instaladas una frente a la otra, en una elegante sala teñida de gris, esas variaciones o calcos sobre un mismo tema (María abrazando al hijo fallecido), fueron realizadas en distintas etapas de la vida del artista, quien murió a los 88 años (1475-1564).
Para el director del museo florentino Timothy Verdon, se trata de una oportunidad única para captar la evolución intelectual y espiritual de un artista tan importante «que estuvo al servicio de los papas durante la mayor parte de su carrera«, comentó.
La Piedad vaticana, realizada entre 1498 y 1499, cuando tenía menos de 25 años, asombró a sus contemporáneos, deslumbrados por la humilde belleza de esa Virgen que llora, cuyo cuerpo está envuelto en un hábil juego de lienzos.
Miguel Ángel, criticado entonces por retratar a una María tan joven, se justificó explicando que la virginidad y la pureza mantenían a las mujeres jóvenes y hermosas.
Sobre sus rodillas reposa su hijo, fallecido a los 33 años, cuyo rostro sereno anuncia ya la Resurrección.
Este símbolo universal de la belleza y el amor recibió quince martillazos el 21 de mayo de 1972 por parte de un desequilibrado, que le quebró la nariz y parte de un brazo de la Virgen. Desde entonces, la obra restaurada está protegida detrás de un vidrio blindado.
Las angustias de un genio
Por un extraño guiño del destino, el propio Miguel Ángel, conocido por su carácter irascible, e insatisfecho con la segunda versión de la «Pietà» realizada en 1547, la atacó a martillazos algunos años más tarde, y las marcas todavía se ven hoy en día en el hombro de Jesús y la mano de María.
Cuando se embarcó en la segunda versión, que nunca terminaría, el artista, entonces de 72 años y aquejado por la depresión, sintió que se acercaba la muerte tras haber atravesado los avatares de la historia, en particular el saqueo de Roma en 1527.
La exposición de estas tres obras nos «permite hacer un balance del estilo de Miguel Ángel, de su evolución durante los cincuenta años que separan la primera Piedad de las otras dos y de la transformación drástica y sorprendente entre las dos últimas«, explicó Timothy Verdon.
La tercera «Pietà», llamada Rondanini, es sin duda la más sorprendente para un público menos informado: deslumbrante en su modernidad, la escultura, de unos dos metros de altura, iniciada hacia 1552, fue encontrada en la residencia romana del artista después de su muerte.
Su carácter inacabado le da a la obra un toque frágil, de imperfecto, comunicando las angustias humanas de alguien que está a un paso de la muerte, que temía el juicio divino y había hecho voto de pobreza.
Bajo el lema «No se piensa a cuanta sangre cuesta«, del Paraíso de Dante Alighieri, que Miguel Ángel escribió poco antes de su muerte sobre un dibujo de la Piedad, se inaugura el jueves la exposición, abierta hasta el 1 de agosto y organizada en ocasión del evento «Mediterráneo frontera de paz 2022«, que reunirá a obispos y alcaldes del Mediterráneo en Florencia y al que participará el próximo domingo el papa Francisco.
Por: Agencia
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