domingo, mayo 19

Empresas estadounidenses buscan trabajadores desesperadamente

Para que pueda seguir funcionando la sala de degustación de cervezas que acaba de abrir en el Estado de Nueva York, a Peter Chekijian no le queda más alternativa que hacer trabajar a sus empleados clave siete días a la semana. Tiene problemas para contratar personal para aliviar la carga.

Las cubas de la cervecería siguen sin funcionar ya que los subcontratistas también tienen problemas de mano de obra.

«Es un gran problema encontrar a gente para terminar el trabajo», explica a la AFP este propietario de la pequeña cervecería Twin Fork Beer.

Muchas empresas tienen problemas actualmente para contratar personal en Estados Unidos.

Más de 10 millones de empleos estaban vacantes a fines de agosto. Y la tasa de actividad, es decir la parte de las personas que trabajan o buscan empleo, ha pasado del 63,3% antes de la pandemia al 61,6% en septiembre.

Las razones son varias. Algunas personas temen contagiarse con el coronavirus, en particular si tienen hijos o personas mayores en casa.

Otras se han jubilado anticipadamente durante la pandemia; otras prefieren cambiar el equilibrio entre vida privada y profesional o simplemente están hartas de los bajos salarios.

Y el fin, en septiembre, de las ayudas por desempleo más generosas que se pusieron en marcha durante la pandemia no se ha traducido en una precipitación hacia el empleo.

«Guerra absoluta»

Al mismo tiempo, con la campaña de vacunación, los restaurantes, los lugares turísticos y los espectáculos han vuelto a abrir. Y ahora, todos los distribuidores se preparan para la temporada de fiestas.

«Hay muchos empleadores que tratan de reclutar al mismo tiempo», dice Aaron Sojourner, economista de la Universidad de Minnesota. «Esto crea un desequilibrio».

Para atraer candidatos, «buscamos pagar lo máximo que podemos (…), ofrecer un conjunto de prestaciones sociales», dice Chekijan. Pone anuncios, hace entrevistas, va a ferias de empleo. Pero «es terriblemente lento». Y esto ralentiza «indudablemente» el crecimiento de la empresa, asegura.

Para Maryclaire Hammond, responsable de recursos humanos de la empresa de logística GXO, que busca reclutar 9.000 personas para la temporada navideña en Estados Unidos, «hay una fuerte competencia a todos los niveles (…), una guerra absoluta».

Para asegurarse de que los paquetes se entregarán a tiempo para Navidad, las grandes empresas tratan de reclutar temporeros a toda máquina: 150.000 en Amazon, 150.000 en Walmart, 100.000 en Target, 100.000 en UPS, 90.000 en Fedex.

Robots y burritos

A GXO le faltan empaquetadores y carretilleros.

Para reclutar, la empresa utiliza publicidad personalizada en internet y las redes sociales, paneles publicitarios, ferias de empleo.

En algunas regiones, ha aumentado su salario mínimo de 3 a 5 dólares en los últimos ocho días, ofrece primas de contratación así como un conjunto de prestaciones (seguros de salud, cotización al sistema de pensiones, asume los gastos de universidad).

Pero sobre todo hay que incitar a que la gente se quede, dice Hammond.

«La mano de obra actual es bastante volátil. Si el almacén vecino propone un dólar más la hora, van a cambiar», explica.

La empresa trata de crear un buen ambiente en el almacén. «Quizá parezca tonto, pero proponer buenos burritos por la mañana, motiva a la gente», dice la responsable.

Para hacer frente, GXO también ha aumentado la automatización de las tareas en sus almacenes en un 40% en el último año. «Para los operarios empaquetadores que deben caminar hasta 16 km al día en el almacén, un robot puede ayudarles a encontrar los productos más fácilmente», explica Hammond.

En busca de un empleo administrativo a tiempo completo, Staci Weinsheimer, de 44 años, siente que el viento sopla a su favor.

«Tengo muchas entrevistas, muchas respuestas positivas de parte de los empleadores», explica tras haber encontrado varias empresas en una feria de empleo en la que participaron 27 empresas de hostelería-restauración en Melville, en el Estado de Nueva York. «Hay cantidad de puestos diferentes disponibles que quizá no estaban abiertos hace cinco o seis años«, cuenta.

Algunos desempleados tienen todavía problemas para conseguir una entrevista o dudan de la voluntad real de las empresas para hacer esfuerzos.

«Los empleadores podrían gastar más dinero para atraer candidatos y mejorar las condiciones de trabajo. Los que lo hacen encuentran más fácilmente», asegura Aaron Sojourner.

«Pero muchos empleadores son reticentes a aumentar los salarios porque reduce sus beneficios y les obliga a aumentar a todo el mundo», sostiene. Algunos prefieren pagar más por las horas extraordinarias.

Por Agencia

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