El asesinado presidente de Haití, Jovenel Moïse, se unió a la trágica lista de magnicidios cometidos en América, entre los que destacan el del presidente de Estados Unidos, John F. Kennedy o el del dictador dominicano Rafael Leónidas Trujillo.
En Haití, además, no se trata del primer magnicidio. El 27 de julio de 1915, el presidente Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam fue asesinado por una turba enfurecida después de esconderse en la embajada francesa.
El 21 julio de 1946, el presidente de Bolivia Gualberto Villarroel murió apuñalado a manos de una turba de gente que se había sublevado en protesta por la grave crisis social y económica que vivía el país y tras una revolución popular.
Cuatro años después, el 13 noviembre de 1950, Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, presidente de la Junta Militar de Venezuela, fue secuestrado y posteriormente asesinado por disparos en el interior de una casa en la urbanización Las Mercedes (Caracas), en el único magnicidio ocurrido en Venezuela.
También Panamá cuenta con un sólo magnicidio cuando, el 2 de enero de 1955, su entonces presidente José Antonio Remón murió por disparos mientras presenciaba una carrera de caballos en el palco presidencial del hipódromo Juan Franco de Panamá. No se hallaron a los autores, aunque algunas hipótesis apuntaron a personalidades de la política local, la mafia italiana e incluso la CIA.
Los Somoza
Al año siguiente, el 21 septiembre de 1956, murió asesinado en Nicaragua el dictador Anastasio Somoza García, a manos de Rigoberto López Pérez, un poeta de filiación liberal, quien lo hirió de muerte de varios disparos, en León, al noroeste de Managua.
También en Nicaragua murió el 17 septiembre 1980 su hijo Anastasio Somoza Debayle, el último de la dinastía somozista y quien, tras renunciar a su cargo y exiliarse en Paraguay, fue tiroteado por un comando guerrillero argentino durante una emboscada mientras viajaba en su vehículo en una céntrica avenida de Asunción.
Guatemala ha tenido también un único magnicidio el 26 julio de 1957, cuando Carlos Castillo Armas, al igual que ha sucedido con el Presidente de Haití, fue asesinado en el interior de la casa presidencial. En 2017 el escritor y político dominicano Tony Raful señaló en un libro que el magnicidio fue ordenado por el dictador de la República Dominicana Rafael Leónidas Trujillo por motivos «emocionales» al negarle Castillo en una ocasión una condecoración.
También el propio Trujillo, quien llegó al poder en 1930 y encabezó durante treinta años una de las más implacables tiranías de América Latina, fue ametrallado el 30 mayo de 1961 en una emboscada mientras viajaba en su vehículo en la carretera de Santo Domingo a San Cristóbal.
Asesinatos en Estados Unidos
Estados Unidos ha sido escenario de cuatro magnicidios. El primero fue el de Abraham Lincoln, quien perdió la vida el 14 de abril de 1865, en los finales de la Guerra Civil. El líder republicano recibió un disparo en la cabeza cuando asistía a una función en el teatro Ford de Washington. El autor material del atentado fue John Wilkes Booth, simpatizante de la causa confederada, quien encargó a una serie de hombres matar al Mandatario, al secretario de Estado William H Seward y al vicepresidente, Andrew Johnson, quienes sobrevivieron al ataque.
El 2 de julio de 1881, el Presidente James Garfield recibió dos disparos por parte del abogado Charles Jules Guiteau. Estuvo 70 días postrado, mientras los médicos intentaban retirarle las balas, provocándole una herida que posteriormente se infectó. Murió el 19 de septiembre de ese año.
Al igual que Garfield, el republicano William McKinley fue veterano de la Guerra Civil. Asumió la presidencia en 1897, pero el 6 de septiembre de 1901, durante una exposición en Buffalo, Nueva York, fue atacado por el anarquista Leon Czolgoz, quien le propinó dos disparos. Murió ocho días después.
Finalmente, el 22 de noviembre de 1963, se produjo uno de los magnicidios más mediáticos de todos los tiempos, el del Presidente John F. Kennedy, quien murió tiroteado en Dallas mientras iba en el coche con su esposa Jacqueline. Emol
Por Agencia
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