El sistema Covax, que suministra vacunas contra el COVID-19 a los países pobres, aspira a acabar con la pandemia este año garantizando no solo las dosis sino también su distribución e inyección.
Covax es un mecanismo creado, antes de que las vacunas estuvieran disponibles, por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la Alianza para las Vacunas (Gavi), Unicef y la Coalición para la Promoción de Innovaciones en pro de la Preparación ante Epidemias (CEPI).
Su objetivo es garantizar una distribución equitativa de las vacunas.
A mediados de enero entregó su dosis número mil millones, a la vez un logro y una decepción, porque la cifra es mucho menor de la prevista inicialmente.
“En 2022, podemos ayudar a detener el covid adaptando nuestra forma de trabajar, garantizando que las dosis se utilicen rápidamente, se inyecten de forma segura y respondan a las preferencias de los países y a sus objetivos de cobertura”, indicó Seth Berkley, jefe de la Alianza para las Vacunas, en un llamamiento a las donaciones el 19 de enero.
La estrategia
Covax sufrió obstáculos, como la estrategia de los países ricos de acaparar todas las dosis posibles, así como la larga prohibición de exportación desde India, donde se encontraba su principal fuente de suministro de vacunas.
Por ello, tuvo que depender de las donaciones de los países ricos.
Pero esto también supuso problemas, porque las dosis estaban demasiado cerca de la fecha de caducidad y las entregas eran demasiado pequeñas o demasiado erráticas como para que las campañas de vacunación fueran eficaces.
Para este año, Covax necesita cinco mil 200 millones de dólares en los próximos tres meses para financiar las dosis de 2022.
Se necesitan tres mil 700 millones de dólares para financiar una reserva de 600 millones de dosis que garanticen un suministro sin problemas.
Otros mil millones de dólares estarán destinados a ayudar a los países pobres a preparar y distribuir las vacunas para evitar su desperdicio.
Y otros 545 millones de dólares, a cubrir gastos como el transporte, las jeringuillas y los seguros.
“Lo que no tenemos hoy son los recursos para ayudar a los países a adaptarse a los nuevos niveles de desafío que el COVID-19 creará en 2022”, señaló Berkley, refiriéndose a la llegada de nuevas vacunas adaptadas a las variantes que vayan surgiendo.
Objetivo ambicioso
Covax, que estima que puede salvar un millón de vidas este año y reducir a la mitad el coste económico de la pandemia en algunos países, afirma que tiene acceso a dosis suficientes para vacunar a cerca del 45 por ciento de la población en los 91 países que se benefician de las donaciones.
Pero el objetivo de la OMS es que el 70 por ciento de la población de cada país esté vacunada para julio de 2022. Un horizonte ambicioso, teniendo en cuenta que el 85 por ciento de la población de África ni siquiera ha recibido una dosis de suero antiviral.
Al ritmo actual, 109 países no alcanzarán el objetivo, según la OMS.
Seth Berkley espera que los próximos mil millones de dosis se entreguen en cuatro o cinco meses, en lugar del año que tardaron los primeros.
Richard Hatchett, director general de CEPI, subraya que la meta también es ayudar a los países necesitados a organizar campañas de vacunación masiva.
“La última etapa (entre la entrega y la inyección) será el principal reto para 2022”, afirmó en un coloquio del Foro Económico Mundial (WEF).
Se espera que hasta 25 países necesiten ayuda en este ámbito.
En poco más de un año se han inyectado un total de nueve mil 800 millones de dosis. En los países pobres, el 82% de estas se administraron gracias al sistema Covax.
Por: Agencias / Foto: Cortesía
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