El ritmo de vacunación contra la COVI-19 se ralentizó en Estados Unidos, donde la oferta supera a la demanda en algunas zonas y las autoridades advierten de un «riesgo serio» si no consiguen convencer a los más escépticos de recibir el pinchazo.
Con más de la mitad de los adultos del país inoculados con al menos una dosis, la media semanal de vacunas administradas cayó el viernes a 2,86 millones de dosis al día, frente a las 3,38 millones de la semana anterior, según un análisis de datos oficiales realizado por el diario The New York Times.
La cantidad de vacunas suministradas al día sigue siendo notable, pero ese descenso bastó para que algunos centros de vacunación masiva en estados como Florida, Texas y Ohio anuncien su próximo cierre por falta de demanda.
Duda entre el 40 % de la población
La tendencia preocupa a las autoridades sanitarias de Estados Unidos, donde el 40 % de la población tiene dudas de ponerse la vacuna o directamente se niega a recibirla (un 22 %), según una encuesta publicada este domingo por la cadena CBS.
Ese porcentaje ha bajado desde el inicio de la campaña de vacunación en diciembre, pero las autoridades temen todavía que dificulte alcanzar el objetivo de inmunidad de grupo, clave para retomar la normalidad y evitar nuevas mutaciones del virus.
«Tenemos un riesgo serio» de no llegar a esa meta, dijo este domingo el director de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de EEUU (NIH, en inglés), Francis Collins, durante una entrevista con la cadena NBC News.
La inmunidad de grupo -precisó- implica tener vacunado al «70 u 85 %» de la población, frente al 28 % que está completamente inmunizado ahora, de acuerdo con los últimos datos de los Centros de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades del país (CDC, en inglés).
«Hay lugares que están muy por detrás en cuanto a la vacunación, y esos son los lugares que nos preocupan porque pueden ser los próximos focos» de brotes, afirmó Collins.
Se agota el «entusiasmo» por la vacuna
La Fundación Kaiser, especializada en salud, estimó esta semana que, si no hay cambios en los niveles de «entusiasmo» que genera la perspectiva de vacunarse, a principios de mayo ya se habrá puesto al menos una dosis a todos los adultos del país que quieran recibirla.
La vacuna ya está disponible desde esta semana para todos los adultos del país, pero la demanda está decayendo en algunas zonas, especialmente en el sur y el oeste montañoso del país.
Son precisamente esas áreas en las que más escepticismo sobre las vacunas hay, de acuerdo con una encuesta de marzo de la Oficina del Censo de EE.UU., que concluyó que los estados donde menos gente quiere inocularse son Wyoming, Montana, Dakota del Norte, Idaho, Oklahoma, Luisiana y Alabama.
De acuerdo con el mismo sondeo, las brechas raciales en el escepticismo sobre las vacunas ya no son tan amplias como hace unos meses, cuando muchos más afroamericanos se resistían a ponérsela: ahora, el 16 % de quienes dudan son blancos, el 18,5 % son negros, el 13,3 % son latinos y el 24 % son birraciales.
Las diferencias están ahora, sobre todo, en la edad y el nivel educativo: los jóvenes dudan más -el 40 % de quienes se resisten tienen menos de 39 años- y solo el 8 % de los graduados universitarios expresan alguna reticencia.
¿Influye la pausa de J&J?
No está claro todavía si la pausa de este mes en la vacunación con el inyectable de Janssen, filial belga de Johnson&Johnson (J&J), puede contribuir a reforzar los miedos de quienes dudan en vacunarse, entre los que también están el 54 % de los votantes republicanos, según la encuesta.
Numerosos estados y localidades del país volvieron a vacunar este sábado con J&J, un día después de que la Administración de Medicamentos y Alimentos (FDA, en inglés) diera luz verde a la reanudación de su uso.
La pausa en el uso de esa vacuna en Estados Unidos duró once días y estuvo motivada por la detección de varios casos de trombosis en mujeres que la habían recibido, un total de 15 pacientes, de las que tres fallecieron y siete siguen hospitalizadas.
Las autoridades han subrayado que quienes opten por la vacuna de J&J recibirán una advertencia en papel sobre sus posibles riesgos, pero insisten en que el producto es seguro.
«Creo que la gente se va a dar cuenta de que nos tomamos la seguridad muy en serio, y estamos tratando de combatir las dudas sobre la vacuna que aún persisten», afirmó este domingo el principal epidemiólogo del país, Anthony Fauci, en una entrevista con la cadena ABC News.
Sin segunda dosis
La vacunación con las otras dos inyectables aprobadas en Estados Unidos, Pfizer y Moderna, también ha generado una preocupación inesperada a las autoridades: algunos estadounidenses no se están presentando para recibir la segunda dosis.
Más de cinco millones de personas, casi el 8 % de los que recibieron una primera dosis de las vacunas de Pfizer o Moderna, no acudieron a sus citas para obtener la segunda, según datos del CDC que publicó este domingo el New York Times.
Algunos no lo hicieron porque temían los efectos secundarios de la segunda dosis, que suelen ser más fuertes que los de la primera, y otros opinaron que podían estar suficientemente protegidos con un solo pinchazo, de acuerdo con entrevistas realizadas por el diario neoyorquino.
Por: Agencia
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