El cambio climático ya se ha vuelto lo suficientemente letal como para causar 5 millones de muertes adicionales en todo el mundo cada año, informan los investigadores.
«Este es el primer estudio que obtiene una visión global de la mortalidad debido a condiciones de temperatura no óptimas entre 2000 y 2019, el período más caluroso desde la era preindustrial«, dijo el co-líder del estudio Yuming Guo, profesor de la Universidad de Monash en Australia.
Los hallazgos se basan en un análisis de la temperatura global y los datos de muerte de 2000 a 2019. Durante ese tiempo, las temperaturas globales aumentaron en 0,26 grados Celsius por década.
Los autores del estudio encontraron que el 9,4% de las muertes mundiales podrían atribuirse a temperaturas muy frías y calientes, lo que se tradujo en 74 muertes en exceso por cada 100.000 personas, con la mayoría de las muertes causadas por la exposición al frío.
Por región, las muertes anuales relacionadas con temperaturas anormales fueron: Asia, 2,6 millones; África, 1,2 millones; China, 1,04 millones; Europa, 835.000; Estados Unidos, 173.600; América del Sur, 141.000; India, 74.000; Reino Unido, 52.000 y Australia, 16.500.
Los investigadores también encontraron que las muertes relacionadas con el frío cayeron un 0,51% entre 2000 y 2019, mientras que las muertes relacionadas con el calor aumentaron un 0,21%.
Las muertes causadas por las altas temperaturas aumentaron en todas las regiones, lo que sugiere que el calentamiento global debido al cambio climático conducirá a un aumento de las muertes relacionadas con el calor en el futuro, según el nuevo estudio.
El estudio fue publicado el miércoles en la revista The Lancet Planetary Health.
«Es importante destacar que utilizamos los datos de referencia de 43 países en los cinco continentes con diferentes climas, condiciones socioeconómicas y demográficas y diferentes niveles de infraestructura y servicios de salud pública, por lo que el estudio tuvo un tamaño de muestra grande y variado, a diferencia de los estudios anteriores«, dijo Guo en un comunicado de prensa de la universidad.
Comprender los patrones geográficos de muerte relacionada con la temperatura es importante para desarrollar políticas y estrategias para adaptarse y reducir los efectos del cambio climático, y para proteger la salud de las personas, dijo. UPI
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