México ha reconocido que el gobierno de Estados Unidos suspendió todas las importaciones de aguacates mexicanos después de que un inspector estadounidense de sanidad en una planta mexicana recibió una amenaza.
La sorpresiva suspensión se confirmó el sábado por la noche en vísperas del Super Bowl, la mayor oportunidad de ventas del año para los productores mexicanos de aguacate, aunque no afectará el consumo el día del partido porque ya los habían enviado.
Las exportaciones de aguacate son la última víctima de las batallas territoriales de los cárteles de la droga y la extorsión de los productores de aguacate en el estado occidental de Michoacán, el único estado de México totalmente autorizado para exportar al mercado estadounidense.
El gobierno estadounidense suspendió todas las importaciones de aguacates mexicanos “hasta nuevo aviso” después de que un inspector de sanidad estadounidense en México recibió una amenaza, dijo la Secretaría de Agricultura de México en un comunicado.
“La autoridad sanitaria estadounidense hoy hizo del conocimiento al Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (Senasica) que tomó la determinación luego de que uno de sus oficiales, quien realizaba la labor de inspección en Uruapan, Michoacán, recibió una llamada de amenaza a su teléfono celular oficial”, escribió la dependencia mexicana.
La prohibición a las importaciones ocurrió el mismo día que los productores de aguacate y la asociación de empacadores presentó su anuncio para el Super Bowl de este año. Los exportadores mexicanos han contratado millonaria publicidad desde hace casi una década para asociar el guacamole como una tradición en el Super Bowl.
El comercial de este año muestra al personaje emperador romano Julio César y varios fanáticos de los gladiadores afuera de lo que parece ser el Coliseo y quienes ponen fin a sus violentas diferencias disfrutando guacamole y aguacates.
La asociación no respondió de momento a una solicitud para que hiciera declaraciones sobre la prohibición, que afecta a un sector cuyas exportaciones alcanzan casi 3.000 millones de dólares anuales.
Sin embargo, los aguacates para el Super Bowl de este año fueron exportados semanas antes del partido.
La embajada estadounidense escribió que “facilitar la exportación de aguacates mexicanos a Estados Unidos y garantizar la seguridad de nuestro personal de inspección agrícola van de la mano”.
“Estamos trabajando con el gobierno mexicano para garantizar las condiciones de seguridad que permitan a nuestro personal en Michoacán reanudar operaciones”, señaló la embajada en sus cuentas en redes sociales.
Debido a que Estados Unidos también cultiva aguacates, sus inspectores trabajan en México para garantizar que los aguacates exportados no porten enfermedades que puedan dañar los cultivos en Estados Unidos.
Fue hasta 1997, que Estados Unidos levantó una veda a los aguacates mexicanos vigente desde 1914 para evitar que una variedad de gorgojos, costras y plagas ingresaran a los huertos estadounidenses.
Los inspectores trabajan para el Servicio de Inspección de Sanidad Animal y Vegetal (APHIS) del Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos (USDA, por sus siglas en inglés).
No es la primera vez que la violencia en Michoacán —donde el cártel de Jalisco libra guerras territoriales contra pandillas locales conocidas como Cárteles Unidos— ha amenazado a los aguacates, el cultivo más lucrativo del estado.
En agosto de 2019, un equipo del USDA fue “amenazado directamente” en Ziracuaretiro, un pueblo al oeste de Uruapan. Si bien la agencia no especificó qué sucedió, las autoridades locales dijeron que un grupo criminal robó a punta de pistola el camión en el que viajaban los inspectores.
En aquella fecha, la USDA dijo en una carta que “para futuras situaciones que resulten en una vulneración de la seguridad, o representen un peligro físico inminente para la integridad del personal del APHIS, suspenderemos de inmediato las actividades del programa”.
Los aguacateros de Michoacán dicen que grupos de narcotraficantes los amenazan a ellos o a sus familiares con secuestro o muerte a menos que paguen dinero por protección, que a veces asciende a un equivalente de miles de dólares por hectárea.
El 30 de septiembre de 2020, un empleado mexicano del APHIS fue asesinado cerca de la ciudad fronteriza norteña de Tijuana.
Las autoridades mexicanas dijeron que Edgar Flores Santos fue muerto por narcotraficantes que tal vez creyeron que era algún agente, y un sospechoso fue detenido.
El Departamento de Estado norteamericano dijo que en las investigaciones “se concluyó que este desafortunado incidente fue un caso en el que el señor Flores estuvo en el lugar equivocado en el momento equivocado”.
La prohibición a los aguacates constituye el peligro más reciente para las exportaciones de México debido a la incapacidad del gobierno para someter a las actividades ilegales.
El jueves, la Oficina del Representante Comercial de Estados Unidos presentó una queja ambiental contra México por no detener la pesca ilegal para proteger a la vaquita marina, la marsopa más pequeña del mundo y que está en peligro crítico de extinción.
La oficina señaló que había solicitado “consultas ambientales” con México, el primer caso de su tipo presentado dentro de los lineamientos del tratado de libre comercio entre Estados Unidos, México y Canadá.
Las consultas son el primer paso en el proceso de resolución de disputas previsto en el acuerdo comercial que entró en vigor en 2020. Si no hay una solución podrían imponerse en última instancia sanciones comerciales.
El gobierno de México ha abandonado los intentos para imponer una zona libre de pesca alrededor del área donde se cree que viven las últimas vaquitas marinas en el golfo de California, también conocido como mar de Cortés. Las redes tendidas ilegalmente para capturar totoaba han causado el ahogamiento de vaquitas.
El lunes, se prohibió a embarcaciones pesqueras mexicanas en el golfo de México “ingresar en puertos estadounidenses, se les negará el acceso al puerto y a servicios”, dijo la Oficina Nacional de Administración Oceánica y Atmosférica de Estados Unidos (NOAA por sus siglas en inglés) debido a que durante años las embarcaciones mexicanas han capturado de manera ilegal pargo rojo en aguas estadounidenses del golfo.
Por: Agencia
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