Estados Unidos completó este martes el desarrollo del imán «más potente del mundo«, una de las piezas clave del proyecto internacional ITER, que trata de desarrollar la fusión nuclear como técnica segura para generar energía.
El imán (o solenoide), de 18 metros de longitud y apodado como Central Solenoid, tendrá que ser trasladado desde el sur de California hasta el sur de Francia, donde una coalición de 35 países está construyendo un reactor con la promesa de generar energía sin emisiones de carbono y sin el lastre de los residuos radiactivos.
La pieza está compuesta de seis módulos, pesa mil toneladas y es capaz de levantar un portaviones en al aire, afirman sus creadores, que estiman que su núcleo alcanza una fuerza 280.000 veces más fuerte que el campo magnético de la Tierra.
«El solenoide central es conocido como el ‘corazón latiente’ del ITER porque desempeña un papel fundamental para contener y calentar el plasma durante la fusión«, explicó a Efe John Smith, director de ingeniería de General Atomics, la compañía con sede en San Diego que ha diseñado la pieza.
Una vez se instale en Francia, el ITER estará construido al 75 %, a pesar de los constantes retrasos que el proyecto ha sufrido por la pandemia.
La fusión nuclear, que requiere temperaturas similares a las del Sol, se ha planteado desde hace décadas como el mecanismo que solucionaría el abastecimiento energético del planeta.
«Ofrece una fuente energética segura, limpia y continua que no produce emisiones de gases con efecto invernadero ni residuos contaminantes«, añadió Smith.
Los responsables del proyecto confían en que el costo de construir y operar una instalación de fusión de ese tipo sea similar al de las centrales nucleares actuales, que utilizan la tecnología de la fisión atómica, pero sin los riesgos asociados a estas.
«Aún es complicado determinar el momento en el que se comercializará la energía obtenida a través de la fusión, la mayoría de expertos considera que será a partir de 2050 -señaló Smith-. Tendrá un desarrollo similar al de las técnicas de fisión nuclear o la solar, que se implementaron comercialmente casi dos décadas después de que se completara su desarrollo«.
EE.UU. y General Atomics se han comprometido a instalar los cinco módulos del imán antes de 2024. Será su contribución más importante en este proyecto de 35 países que suma a los miembros de la Unión Europea junto a Reino Unido, Suiza, Estados Unidos, China, Japón, Rusia, India y Corea del Sur.
La UE constituye con Reino Unido y Suiza un único miembro que financia el 45 % del costo del proyecto. Los otros seis aportan un 9 % cada uno.
Alrededor del 90 % de sus contribuciones no se hacen en dinero, sino en especie con las piezas que aportan al «rompecabezas» de la maquinaria del ITER, cuyas siglas en inglés responden a Reactor Termonuclear Experimental Internacional.
Está previsto que el ensamblaje se prolongue hasta diciembre de 2025. A partir de entonces, los científicos e ingenieros implicados verificarán el funcionamiento de esa máquina experimental gigante que producirá unos 500 megavatios de energía térmica, lo que en términos de electricidad se traduciría en unos 200 megavatios, suficiente para abastecer 200.000 hogares. EFE
Por Agencia
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