Enormes inversiones y fuertes perspectivas de crecimiento: en el congreso mundial de la telefonía móvil de Barcelona (MWC) los gigantes chinos de las telecomunicaciones no ocultan sus ambiciones en el sector del 5G, pese a su prohibición para operar en el territorio estadounidense.
En este escenario reservado a los mayores actores de la industria mundial de las telecomunicaciones, tres grupos chinos tomaron posiciones junto a tres empresas occidentales. Y en una sala repleta de actores del sector ‘tech’ expresaron su intención de «trabajar juntos».
Pero estas compañías estatales -China Mobile, China Telecom y China Unicom- tienen prohibido operar en territorio estadounidense desde el año pasado, lo que limita seriamente sus ambiciones globales.
Para los reguladores estadounidenses representan riesgos «significativos» para la seguridad nacional, con una posible injerencia por parte del Estado chino, motivos similares a las que llevaron a excluir a Huawei de este mercado en 2020.
Esta situación no impidió, sin embargo, que los tres grupos, con una presencia internacional relativamente pequeña, usaran sus presentaciones para publicitar sus logros en el prometedor mercado del 5G.
«De aquí a finales de 2022 esperamos implementar más de un millón de estaciones base de 5G en total, llevando los suscriptores que usan redes de 5G a más de 330 millones», indicó Yang Jie, jefe de China Mobile.
El despliegue del 5G -una red móvil más rápida y eficiente- se considera vital para poder albergar nuevas tecnologías, como los vehículos de conducción automática o la maquinaria industrial avanzada.
Pero el resto del mundo va muy por detrás de China, y algunos analistas temen que excluir a sus empresas del mercado global tenga consecuencias más negativas que positivas.
Grandes operadores
En su discurso en Barcelona, el director general de Vodafone, Nick Read, fue explícito sobre las dificultades a las que hace frente Europa.
«Al ritmo actual, Europa necesitará al menos hasta el final de la década para igualar la experiencia transformadora y completa con el 5G que China ya habrá alcanzado este año», dijo.
Con casi mil millones de suscripciones, China Mobile es el mayor operador del mundo, mientras que China Telecom y China Unicom cuentan cada una con más de 300 millones de abonados. Las tres empresas públicas son parte integrante del esfuerzo realizado para desarrollar en China el 5G.
«Si miramos al mundo tal y como es ahora, al menos del lado del consumidor, el 65% del 5G está en la China continental», explicó Dario Talmesio, del gabinete de estudios Omdia, que indicó que «un cuerpo de especialistas, de experiencia (…) y mejores prácticas» se está estableciendo en la región.
«¿Puede el resto del mundo decir con seguridad: ‘Nosotros no necesitamos eso?'», lanzó.
Al menos el gobierno gobierno estadounidense sí que cree que puede vivir sin ello.
En su argumentación para prohibir China Unicom en enero, la comisión federal de comunicaciones de Estados Unidos indicó que la compañía podía estar siendo explotada por el gobierno chino y que representaba «riesgos significativos para la seguridad nacional y la aplicación de la ley».
Plataforma
Aunque las posiciones ya son conocidas, las tres compañías chinas fueron cautas y no abordaron directamente la cuestión de la prohibición estadounidense en Barcelona.
Yang finalizó su presentación virtual afirmando que China Mobile estaba «dispuesta a trabajar con todos los sectores de la sociedad» para «desplegar el potencial infinito» del 5G y otras tecnologías.
El jefe de China Telecom, Ruiwen Ke, aseguró que pretendía «trabajar conjuntamente» para «crear un futuro mejor».
Para Ben Wood, de la consultora CCS Insight, las firmas chinas se han servido de su plataforma en Barcelona para subrayar las fortalezas de su país, de modo global.
«Los chinos están muy orgullosos de lo que han creado y quieren venir y contar esa historia», dijo. «Y quieren asegurarse de que marcan una agenda para la evolución futura de la tecnología», agregó.
Tanto Wood como Talmesio subrayaron la enorme ventaja de la que disfrutaban estas empresas gracias al tamaño de su operativa doméstica de 5G.
Para Talmesio, las empresas chinas han enviado un «mensaje claro» desde Barcelona. «Estamos aquí, todavía somos internacionales, estamos encantados de hacer negocios con cualquiera, si nos dejan».
Por: Agencia
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