Un equipo de investigadores lograron observar en una escala atómica la «compuerta» de una proteína que es esencial para el aprendizaje y la memoria, un descubrimiento que podría servir para diseñar fármacos contra la esquizofrenia, el ictus y otras enfermedades neurológicas.
Lo lograron investigadores del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) de España y otros centros y universidades españoles, y los resultados se publicaron en la revista Nature Communications.
El CNIO señala en una nota difundida este miércoles que todo el comportamiento humano aprender de una experiencia, recordar una anécdota o modificar una actitud es el resultado del intercambio de compuestos químicos entre neuronas, los llamados neurotransmisores.
Y que desentrañar qué ocurre exactamente a escala molecular cuando las neuronas se comunican entre sí, en un proceso llamado «sinapsis», es indispensable para entender el cerebro humano en general, y en particular para contribuir a solucionar problemas de salud mental.
Los investigadores han conseguido observar y describir la estructura de una proteína (la Asc-1) presente en la membrana de las neuronas, una proteína que actúa como una «compuerta» que se abre y se cierra y que actúa como transportador específico para determinados aminoácidos claves para el aprendizaje y la memoria.
La actividad de esa proteína, ha recordado el CNIO, se ha relacionado con distintos tipos de enfermedad mental, y conocer su forma tridimensional permitirá el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos para estas patologías.
El científico Óscar Llorca, del CNIO, explica que modular la actividad de esa proteína puede ser una estrategia terapéutica en afecciones como el ictus y la esquizofrenia, y ha precisado que la determinación de su estructura a resolución atómica es importante «porque puede ayudar en la búsqueda de compuestos que modifiquen su actividad”.
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