Las autoridades sanitarias de Argentina confirmaron este sábado un caso de infección por hongo negro en una mujer que tuvo COVID-19 y que permanece hospitalizada en el norte del país e investiga el fallecimiento de un hombre por un posible cuadro de mucormicosis.
A través de un comunicado, el Ministerio de Salud informó que se recibió la primera notificación al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de la Salud de un caso de mucormicosis, conocido como infección por hongo negro, asociado a una paciente de la norteña provincia de Formosa que tuvo covid-19.
Además, indicó que se encuentra en investigación otro caso probable de mucormicosis, también asociado a la COVID-19, en una persona fallecida residente de la provincia de Buenos Aires.
A raíz de ambos casos, y en el marco de la alerta emitida esta semana por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), la cartera sanitaria argentina dijo que emitió una comunicación a los equipos de salud de todo el país con el objetivo de “fortalecer las capacidades para sospechar la enfermedad (de hongo negro)” en pacientes con COVID-19, especialmente aquellos con diabetes mellitus, tratamiento con corticosteroides u otros inmunosupresores.
La recomendación sanitaria es la de realizar un diagnóstico precoz, iniciar un tratamiento adecuado y notificar los casos según las normativas vigentes.
Casos confirmado
Según el comunicado, el caso registrado en Formosa es el de una mujer de 47 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y de diabetes mellitus tipo II, que comenzó a manifestar el pasado 11 de mayo síntomas de coronavirus, enfermedad que transitó en un centro de aislamiento.
Luego de recibir el alta por COVID-19, la mujer “tuvo cefalea y deterioro del sensorio”, por lo que realizó consultas médicas por una lesión en el paladar.
Tras los exámenes pertinentes, el 9 de junio fue ingresada para una intervención quirúrgica, se le tomó una muestra para diagnóstico microbiológico en el laboratorio de Micología del Hospital de Alta Complejidad de Formosa y comenzó con un tratamiento antifúngico específico y de limpieza quirúrgica del área afectada.
Según el comunicado, el 12 de junio se confirmó el diagnóstico de mucormicosis.
La mujer sigue en tratamiento, con “pronóstico reservado”.
Alta mortalidad
El caso de Formosa también fue confirmado este sábado por las autoridades sanitarias provinciales.
“Se haga lo que se pudiere hacer, este hongo igualmente tiene una tasa de mortalidad del 80 %”, advirtió Julián Bibolini, miembro del Consejo de Atención Integral de la Emergencia COVID-19 de Formosa, en una rueda de prensa en la que dio detalles de la mujer infectada.
El médico explicó que el hongo negro es “oportunista” ya que aprovecha la oportunidad para desarrollar infección en personas con un sistema inmunológico débil, por ejemplo, personas con patologías oncológicas, sometidas durante mucho tiempo a tratamientos con corticoides o que padecen diabetes no controlada.
Aclaró que el hongo “no está relacionado con el coronavirus en sí”, pero puntualizó que, desde el inicio de a pandemia, ha aumentado a nivel mundial el uso de corticoides que ha generado una disminución en las defensas en muchas personas que puede ser aprovechada por el hongo negro.
Por su parte, el Ministerio de Salud argentino indicó que la mucormicosis es una enfermedad “angioinvasiva grave, de progresión rápida, que es muy poco frecuente en la población general”, con una tasa de mortalidad de entre el 40 % y el 80 %.
Señaló que la covid-19 puede presentarse como una neumonía leve a potencialmente mortal, con “coinfecciones oportunistas” causadas por diferentes bacterias y hongos, entre las que puede presentarse la mucormicosis./ EFE.
Por Agencia
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