lunes, mayo 20

ACNUR: Dos de cada tres venezolanos están en una situación vulnerable en Perú

Perú: crisis por coronavirus y peligro para refugiados venezolanos | Diálogo Pandémico: pregúntale a Dr. Drexler | DW | 24.06.2020

 

Dos de cada tres migrantes venezolanos en Perú quedaron en situación vulnerable por la triple crisis -sanitaria, económica y política- que vive el país, según la agencia de la ONU para los refugiados, ACNUR.

Nueve de cada 10 están desempleados o tienen un empleo precario, y siete de 10 comen menos de tres veces al día, según el Reporte de Monitoreo de Protección, levantado por ACNUR a fines de 2020 y en vías de publicación.

El 65 % del millón de migrantes de Venezuela está en situación vulnerable y para sobrevivir un tercio de las familias adoptó “mecanismos extremos”, como recolectar restos de comida de la basura, pedir limosna o la prostitución.

Su vida en el país que los acogió se complicó hace un año con una cuarentena de más de 100 días por la pandemia y sigue sin mejorar.

Janet López, de 44 años, vende tapabocas en las calles de Lima y forma parte del 22 % de los migrantes venezolanos en Perú que se abastecen con ventas ambulantes.

Janet López, de 44 años, vende tapabocas en las calles de Lima y forma parte del 22% de los migrantes venezolanos en Perú que se abastecen con ventas ambulantes© AFP ERNESTO BENAVIDES

“La situación ha sido muy difícil, mucha gente perdió el empleo, los medios de vida. Se cerraron muchos negocios y los migrantes y refugiados estaban hacinados en espacios muy pequeños, con muchos meses sin poder salir a trabajar”, dijo a la AFP Regina de la Portilla, responsable de información de ACNUR en Lima.

“Sin tener acceso a empleos o medios de vida dignos, las personas refugiadas y migrantes venezolanas recurren a diferentes mecanismos de supervivencia”, agregó.

Solidaridad

En 2017 el presidente peruano Pedro Pablo Kuczynski abrió las puertas a los venezolanos que huían de la crisis en la nación petrolera. Llegaron por miles, casi todos tras una larga travesía por tierra.

Además, el mandatario creó el Grupo de Lima, al que se sumó una quincena de naciones, para buscar una salida pacífica a la crisis en Venezuela, sin resultados.

Perú siguió acogiendo venezolanos tras la renuncia de Kuczynski en 2018 y ahora son más de un millón, según Migraciones, la mayor cifra detrás de Colombia.

Las tensiones políticas acompañaron a Kuczynski desde 2016, pero crecieron tras su salida. En noviembre de 2020 Perú tuvo tres presidentes en cinco días.

A la par vino el económico. Perú crecía sobre el promedio latinoamericano, pero con la larga cuarentena quedó en recesión. El PIB cayó 11,12 % en 2020.

Al comienzo, la alta informalidad laboral en Perú (70%) jugaba a favor de los migrantes, pues favorecía su rápida inserción. Con la pandemia los volvió más vulnerables.

Ahora más del 90 % está “desempleado o en condiciones laborales precarias”, según el reporte de ACNUR. El 22 % vive de ventas en la calle o desde su casa.

Al igual que la mayoría de los migrantes venezolanos en Perú, Antonio Bastidas, de 25 años, no reclama “dinero sino una forma de ganarse la vida para poder sostener a sus familias y salir adelante”, afirma ACNUR.

Al igual que la mayoría de los migrantes venezolanos en Perú, Antonio Bastidas, de 25 años, no reclama “dinero sino una forma de ganarse la vida para poder sostener a sus familias y salir adelante”, afirma ACNUR© AFP ERNESTO BENAVIDES

El 17 % de las familias tiene un miembro con condiciones de salud críticas o crónicas y sin tratamiento; al tiempo que 16 % son hogares monoparentales. Más del 20 % de las mujeres en edad reproductiva están embarazadas o en lactancia.

Este deterioro también lo documentó el Banco Mundial, que dijo que el 92 % de los venezolanos en Perú vive en la pobreza. Antes era el 18 %, según publicó en Facebook.

Dos dólares al día

El informe de ACNUR indica que el 70 % de las familias diariamente “gana menos de 30 soles peruanos [ocho dólares] para cubrir los gastos de alimentos, alquiler y medicinas de cuatro personas, en promedio”. Eso equivale a dos dólares al día por persona.

“Vimos un empeoramiento claro de la situación de las personas, y estamos trabajando en apoyos económicos para asistencia humanitaria directa, con un poco de capital para comprar alimentos, medicinas o pago de alquiler”, dijo De la Portilla.

ACNUR trabaja con organizaciones locales y grupos religiosos para mantener comedores populares e impulsar su inserción laboral.

Si bien el gobierno peruano autorizó en agosto el contrato de médicos y paramédicos venezolanos sin revalidar títulos por la pandemia, consiguieron empleo 5.600 personas, el 0,05 % del millón de migrantes.

“La mayoría de los venezolanos no quieren dinero, sino una forma de ganarse la vida para poder sostener a sus familias y salir adelante”, acotó De la Portilla.

Ante la compleja situación, una minoría regresó a Venezuela, pero no hay cifras oficiales.

Interacción con peruanos

El reporte dice que se duplicó a 60 % la cantidad de venezolanos que redujeron la cantidad o calidad de sus alimentos, y se elevó de 7 % a 45 % la cifra de quienes no pagan el alquiler de sus viviendas.

Ahora el 68 % no come tres veces al día, según ACNUR, que entrevistó a 826 familias para este informe.

El 55 % admitió haber sufrido “discriminación”, pero más de la mitad afirmó que mantenía “buena o muy buena interacción con los peruanos”.

“Muchos expresaron que la discriminación no es un hecho generalizado”.

Por Agencia

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