Un millón de personas ha huido de Ucrania desde el inicio de la invasión rusa hace una semana, un éxodo sin precedentes en este siglo por su rapidez, dijo la agencia de Naciones Unidas para los refugiados el jueves.
El conteo del Alto Comisionado de la ONU para los Refugiados, ACNUR, indicó que estos movimientos transfronterizos equivalen a más del 2% de la población de Ucrania, que el Banco Mundial indicó que era de 44 millones de personas a finales de 2020. La agencia advirtió que este flujo está lejos de remitir: pronosticó que hasta 4 millones de personas podrían abandonar el país, una cifra que podría revisarse al alza.
“Nuestros datos indican que hemos rebasado la marca de 1 millón” a medianoche en el centro de Europa, con base a los conteos efectuados por autoridades nacionales, explicó Joung-ah Ghedini-Williams, portavoz de ACNUR, en un correo electrónico.
Por su parte, el alto comisionado para los Refugiados, Filippo Grandi, reconoció en un comunicado que “He trabajado en emergencias de refugiados durante casi 40 años, y rara vez he visto un éxodo tan rápido como este».
“Cada hora, cada minuto, más personas huyen de la aterradora realidad de la violencia. Los desplazados dentro del país son innumerables”, añadió Grandi, quien el jueves visitaba Rumanía, uno de los vecinos de Ucrania que ha recibido a decenas de miles de refugiados. “Y a menos que haya un final inmediato del conflicto, es probable que millones más se vean obligados a huir de Ucrania”.
En Twitter, Grandi hizo un llamado a que las “armas se callen” para que la ayuda humanitaria pueda llegar a los millones de personas que siguen en el país.
Las declaraciones de Grandi fueron un testimonio de la desesperación de los ucranianos mientras el fuego de artillería, las bombas de mortero y los disparos resonaban en todo el país, así como de las crecientes preocupaciones de otras agencias de la ONU como la Organización Mundial de la Salud o la Oficina para la Coordinación de Asuntos Humanitarios — que junto a ACNUR lanzó una petición de donaciones el martes.
Las cifras diarias se hacen eco de la vertiginosa velocidad de la evacuación: tras la salida de más de 82.000 personas en el primer día de la invasión rusa el pasado 24 de febrero, cada día desde entonces la cifra se ha incrementado en al menos 117.000 personas, alcanzando su apogeo el martes, con alrededor de 200.000, según el último recuento de ACNUR. Algunos de sus trabajadores más veteranos, acostumbrados a lidiar con crisis de refugiados, dicen que nunca habían visto un éxodo igual.
Siria, cuya guerra civil comenzó en 2011, sigue siendo el país con más refugiados en el mundo, cerca de 5,7 millones de personas, según ACNUR. Pero incluso en su momento de mayor movilidad, a principios de 2013, hicieron falta al menos tres meses para alcanzar la marca del millón de salidas.
Dos años después, en 2015, cientos de miles de refugiados sirios y de otros países, que en su mayoría habían estado en Turquía, huyeron a Europa, causando una respuesta caótica de la Unión Europea y, en ocasiones, escaramuzas y devoluciones en algunas fronteras.
Por el momento, funcionarios de la ONU y otros han elogiado en general la respuesta de los vecinos de Ucrania, que han abierto viviendas, gimnasios y otras instalaciones para acoger a los recién llegados.
A este ritmo, la de Ucrania podría convertirse en “la mayor crisis de refugiados de este siglo”, señaló Shabia Mantoo, vocera de ACNUR, el miércoles.
Según las últimas cifras publicadas en la web de la agencia, que a primera hora del jueves mostraban aún un total de 934.000 refugiados, más de la mitad de ellos llegaron a la vecina Polonia — más de 505.000 — mientras que otros 116.000 fueron a Hungría, en el sur. Moldavia ha recibido a más de 79.000 ucranianos y otros 71.200 cruzaron la frontera con Eslovaquia.
Por: Agencia
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