El gobierno de Chile «debe poner fin a las deportaciones sumarias de venezolanos» que realiza en el marco de una ley de migración «y asegurar que todas las expulsiones cumplan con el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos», señaló este miércoles Human Rights Watch.
A través de un documento, la organización señaló una serie de graves violaciones a los derechos fundamentales de migrantes venezolanos expulsados, tales como impedimentos para acceder a llamadas telefónicas y a abogados, deportaciones sumarias los fines de semana (cuando las cortes de apelación están cerradas) y separación de familias, entre otros, reseñó EFE.
Luego de examinar 21 sentencias judiciales y más de 250 órdenes de deportación, el organismo internacional identificó también «violaciones al debido proceso, incluido el derecho a ser oído y a presentar pruebas» antes de que se concrete la expulsión.
«Los tribunales de Chile han demostrado que muchos venezolanos que buscaban escapar de la devastadora crisis en su país de origen fueron deportados sin debido proceso, vulnerando estándares elementales del derecho internacional», afirmó el director para las Américas de Human Rights Watch, José Miguel Vivanco, según el documento.
En la misma línea, Vivanco apuntó que resulta «contradictorio» que el gobierno encabezado por Sebastián Piñera «condene con firmeza los abusos en Venezuela mientras ignora los derechos de los venezolanos en su afán por deportarlos a un país donde sus vidas podrían correr peligro».
Se estima en que Chile residen cerca de 1,4 millones de migrantes -equivalente a 7 % de la población- y a la fecha la comunidad venezolana es la más numerosa, con 457.000 personas.
HRW señaló que el Ejecutivo chileno anunció la expulsión de 1.500 personas a lo largo de 2021 en 15 vuelos chárter y que, según el Servicio Jesuita Migrante, para abril de este año había deportado a 294 personas, en la mayoría de los casos «sin control judicial» y afectando principalmente a venezolanos.
Esta política del gobierno se enmarca en una ley que contempla la expulsión de aquellos migrantes sobre los que pesan causas judiciales, para que cumplan la pena en su país, y también la de quienes ingresaron clandestinamente al país y se encuentran en una situación administrativa irregular.
«Ausencia de debido proceso»
Según la revisión de Human Rights Watch, en la gran mayoría de los casos «los policías chilenos no permitieron que los migrantes objetaran su deportación antes de que se dictara la orden», menoscabando así derechos consagrados en tratados internacionales ratificados por el Estado chileno, como «su derecho a ser escuchados y a presentar pruebas para impugnar la expulsión».
La Corte Suprema anuló varias órdenes de deportación en los últimos meses por considerar que fueron producto de un «procedimiento contencioso administrativo insuficiente», pero en casi todos los casos esta anulación fue posterior a la deportación, indicó HRW.
«Las entrevistas realizadas por HRW y las resoluciones dictadas en estos casos demuestran que, en los hechos, el Gobierno chileno privó a los migrantes de la posibilidad de ejercer plenamente los derechos garantizados por el derecho internacional», señala el informe.
«Deportaciones colectivas»
De acuerdo con HRW, las decisiones no hacen referencia a las circunstancias individuales de cada caso, «que no parecen haber sido tomadas en cuenta» y si bien se presentaron resoluciones administrativas por cada persona deportada, «el lenguaje empleado en diversos casos fue prácticamente idéntico y no se realizó un análisis caso por caso».
Al analizar las deportaciones en Chile, las agencias de la ONU en el país han destacado en reiteradas oportunidades que todas las personas tienen derecho a que se evalúen sus circunstancias de forma individual, incluyendo la necesidad de recibir protección y los riesgos que la deportación podría representar para su vida, su libertad o su integridad, recordó HRW.
«Separación de familias»
Las deportaciones sumarias, establece el documento, impiden a gran cantidad de ciudadanos venezolanos probar vínculos familiares en Chile, sobre todo considerando que tanto estado civil como parental no se encuentran registrados ante el Estado chileno.
A ello se suma la dificultad de obtener certificados o documentos oficiales tanto en Venezuela como en el extranjero, ya que los servicios consulares del país caribeño son «limitados».
HRW, en tanto, asegura que abogados de derechos humanos manifestaron que algunas personas prontas a ser expulsadas no mencionan sus vínculos familiares para evitar que otros integrantes sean también deportados.
«Estas deportaciones pueden violar el derecho de los niños y niñas a la unidad familiar. Chile debe priorizar el interés superior de los niños y niñas y facilitar su reunificación con sus padres», enfatizó la ONG.
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