La tesis de Vallenilla Lanz que explica por qué nuestra Independencia (1810-1830) fue una guerra civil es del año 1919 en su indispensable libro: “Cesarismo Democrático”. Libro invisible e incómodo que refuta por la calle del medio a “Venezuela Heroica” de Eduardo Blanco publicado en 1881. El poder en Venezuela se alineó con Eduardo Blanco e ignoró a Vallenilla Lanz. El mundo académico, salvo algunas honrosas excepciones, pasa de puntillas por éste tema. Eso de que la Independencia fue el triunfo de la libertad sobre la tiranía española es todo un ardid ideológico.
La Independencia fue una guerra civil desde sus orígenes en 1810 hasta su mismo desenlace final en 1826 cuando Páez, el verdadero amo y señor de Venezuela ante la estampida de Bolívar por “libertar” el Sur hasta el Perú, decidió separarse de la Gran Colombia (1819-1830) y le da un Golpe de Estado a Bogotá, capital de la nueva nación diseñada e impuesta por Bolívar.
Robert Semple, un agente de negocios inglés, visitó a Caracas entre los años 1810 y 1811 y pudo constatar que ante la ausencia de la Metrópoli invadida por Napoleón Bonaparte en 1808 los americanos iniciaron el paso secesionista a imitación de los angloamericanos en el norte. Y que no es una mera casualidad que la Independencia se haya proclamado en Caracas el 5 de julio de 1811 un día después de la misma forma que lo hicieron los estadounidenses el 4 de julio de 1776: las connotaciones simbólicas o cabalísticas estuvieron presentes entre los firmantes.
Para Semple la irreflexión privó sobre los mantuanos caraqueños y sostiene que los más radicales, entre ellos Francisco de Miranda, alrededor de la Sociedad Patriótica, un club jacobino, fueron los catalizadores del paso independentista sobre un supuesto camaleónico gatopardiano de cambiar para no cambiar nada de trágicas consecuencias para los habitantes de las distintas provincias de la Venezuela de ese entonces. La Independencia fue nominal y jurídica sobre un entramado socio/económico con el odioso sistema de castas y esclavitudes sin que se haya considerado en el momento su derogación.
El eje central del libro de Semple, publicado en Londres en 1812, es que hubo en Venezuela dos guerras civiles de las cuáles él mismo fue testigo. La primera ocurrió con la incursión del Marqués del Toro y un ejército de caraqueños sobre la ciudad de Coro en noviembre de 1810. Coro y Caracas tenían un contencioso de vieja data cuando a los primeros les fue arrebatado el Obispado de Venezuela en 1637 para otorgárselo a Caracas. Además, luego del 19 de abril de 1810 ni Coro ni Maracaibo aceptaron la conformación de la Junta Suprema de Caracas y se mantuvieron leales a la Regencia en España. Guayana, en el Sur, haría otro tanto. Semple acota que los corianos derrotaron inapelablemente a los caraqueños.
“Esta expedición comandada por el Marqués del Toro fue derrotada por los corianos con pérdidas considerables. Para disimular su poca fortuna, el Marqués insinuó en sus despachos, de modo absurdo, que sus enemigos habían sido armados y dirigidos por los ingleses”.
El segundo acontecimiento clave de ésta Guerra Civil que fue el inicio de nuestra Independencia para Semple fue el alzamiento de Valencia días después del 5 de julio de 1811. Miranda fue el encargado de una expedición de castigo contra la vecina ciudad. Un batallón de pardos “o individuos de color” fue la principal defensa de una Valencia apegada a la Monarquía y que con unas fuerzas muy reducidas tuvo el temple de resistir e incordiar a las superiores fuerzas que trajo Miranda.
“Tal fue el comienzo de esta guerra civil de Venezuela, en la cual la justicia del ataque a Valencia es más dudosa que la política de los valencianos. Si la naturaleza humana no fuese siempre la misma, nos sorprendería ver a los caraqueños, en la propia infancia de su república, negando a otros el derecho de elegir su forma de gobierno, después que tan celosamente ellos lo habían ejercido para sí, y llevando a cabo como su primer acto, un ataque contra sus hermanos, por el solo hecho de que estos eran adictos al Rey. Sin embargo, este parece haber sido la historia del hombre en todas las edades: alternativamente opresor u oprimido, pero siempre liberal en conceder entera libertad de pensamiento a quienes piensan lo mismo que él”.
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